专四语法易错题整顿1.Alotoftrafficaccidents____fromcarelessness.A)arouseB)ariseC)raiseD)rise【答案】B【译文】许多的交通事故是由疏忽大意引起的。【试题分析】词语辨析题,规定考试掌握几种形似,意似的词语的差异。【详细解答】arouse指唤起,引起;arise(from)指发生,起因于;raise是及物动词指提高,喂养;rise是不及物动词,指升起。2.Theteacher____me____fordisobedience.A)called...downB)called...uponC)called...offD)called...out【答案】A【译文】因我不听话,老师训斥了我【试题分析】短语辨义题,规定考生掌握几种跟call构成短语的意思。【详细解答】calldown指挑剔、找麻烦,斥责;callupon指命令;规定;calloff指取消;callout指召集使集中;召唤。3.Hecriticizedeverythingandeverybody,andeven____histeachers.A)ranoverB)randownC)ranagainstD)raninto【答案】B【译文】他批评所有的事,所有的人,甚至还诋毁自己的老师。【试题分析】短语辨析题。【详细解答】run...over指撞到,碾过;run...down指批评,贬低;run...against指违反,偶遇;run...into指进入,偶遇。4.Inthisexperiment,theyarewakenedseveraltimesduringthenight,andaskedtoreportwhatthey____.A)hadbeendreamingB)havebeendreamingC)aredreamingD)haddreamt【答案】B【译文】在试验期间,他们被叫醒几次,汇报他们刚刚梦到了什么。【试题分析】语法题,规定考生掌握目前完毕进行时的使用方法。【详细解答】此句规定用目前完毕进行时,表达一直进行到目前的动作。5.Frequentculturalexchangewillcertainlyhelp____friendlyrelationsbetweenourtwouniversities.A)fosterB)utilizeC)cherishD)raisea)【答案】A【译文】常常的文化交流肯定有助于发展我们两校之间的友好关系。【试题分析】词语辨析题,规定考生掌握几种动词的意思和运用。【详细解答】foster指培养,助长;utilize指运用,运用;cherish指珍爱,怀抱(但愿);raise指提高,喂养。6.I’mafraidIwillhaveto____herinvitationtotheparty.A)refuseB)refuteC)ignoreD)declinea)【答案】Db)【译文】我恐怕不得不谢绝她的晚会邀请。【试题分析】词语辨析题。【详细解答】decline意为“婉谢,谢绝”,指对他人的邀请、协助等比较委婉地拒绝。refuse意为“拒绝”,指对他人的规定、祈求等比较直率的,有时比较不客气的拒绝。refute意为驳斥,反驳。ignore意为“忽视,忽视,不7.Hecan’tstartthecarbecausethebatteryhas____.A)runupB)rundownC)runoverD)runoff【答案】B【译文】由于电池耗尽了,他的汽车发动不了。【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。【详细解答】rundown意为“(动力等)耗尽;(身体)衰弱,疲乏;(钟表)停了,(使)失灵”。runup意为“升起(旗帜)欠下(钱财)”。runover意为“撞倒,辗过”。runoff意为“撵走,吓跑”。8.Withoutfacts,wecannotformaworthwhileopinion,forweneedtohavefactualknowledge____ourthinking.A)uponwhichtobaseB)whichtobaseuponC)whichtobebasedonD)tobaseonwhich【答案】A【译文】假如没有事实根据,我们就不能形成对的的主张,由于我们要把想法建立在事实的基础上。【试题分析】介词+关系代词+不定式作后置定语。【详细解答】此句需要一种后置定语来修饰factualknowledge,根据句意应是baseourthinking(upon)onfactualknowledge,因此应使用“介词+关系代词+不定式”的构造作后置定语。9.I’dratheryou____sorudelytoher.A)don’tspeakB)won’tspeakC)shouldnotspeakD)didn’tspeak【答案】D【译文】我宁愿你不对她这样无礼。【试题分析】wouldrather后宾语从句的虚拟语气。【详细解答】wouldrather表达愿望,后接的宾语从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气。表达与目前事实相反的愿望时,用过去时;表达与过去事实相反的愿望时,用过去完毕时。10.Todaymanykindsofelectrical____areavailable,whichhasmadehouseworkmucheasierthanbefore.A)facilitiesB)appliances...