M4U1Part4GrammarandusageDirectspeechandreportedspeech【设计思想】本堂课是以让学生辨识直接英语和间接引语，如何将陈述句、疑问句、祈使句改为间接引语等为主的语法课。语法课的教学目标包括帮助学生理解并掌握比较人、物体及事物的表达方式；也包括使用适当的语言形式进行描述和表达观点、态度和情感等语言基础知识。当然，语法教学不能让学生死记枯燥的规则。教师必须创设具体语境，让学生在真实的语言情景中学习，在语境中学会运用规则。【教学目标】1.Gettolearnthedifferencebetweendirectspeechandreportedspeechorindirect.2.Learnhowtochangedirectspeechintoindirectspeechindifferenttenses.3.Learntouseindirectspeechinstatements,questionsandimperativesentences.【重点难点】AfterlearningLinkingverbs,thestudentswillknowhowtoapplytheserulesintopractice.【教学环节】Step1WordsandexpressionreviewMakeadialoguewithsomeSstointroducethetopic.Step2.Directspeechandreportedspeech1.Whatshouldwepayattentiontowhenchangingdirectspeechintoreporedspeech?(1)personalpronounsandtense(2)adverbialsoftimeandplace(3)othercasesStep3.Howtousereportedspeechtoreport（thestyleusedinwritingtoreportwhatsomeonesaidwithoutrepeatingtheiractualwords.）【要点】（根据学生情况可作调整）1.标点符号的变化：Hesaidtome,“Don’tliveinLondon!”=HetoldmenottoliveinLondon.2.语序的变化：疑问语序变为陈述语序。Hesaidtome,“DoyouliveinLondon?”=Heaskedmeif/whetherIlivedinLondon.连接词1.陈述句用that连接Shesaid,‘Adsareanimportantpartofourlives.’=Shesaidthatadsareanimportantpartofourlives.2.一般（选择，反意）疑问句用if或whether连接‘Arealladsplayingtricksonus?’Iaskedher.=Iaskedherwhether/ifalladswereplayingtricksonus.3.特殊疑问句仍用原来的特殊疑问词连接Iaskedher,‘Howcanthatbetrue?’Iaskedherhowthatcouldbetrue.3.动词的变化:say(to)在陈述句中多变为tell等词，在疑问句中多变为ask等词，在祈使句中表示命令多变为tell,order等词，表请求时多变为ask等词。Hesaidtome,“CouldyoupleaseliveinLondon?”=Heaskedmeif/whetherIcouldliveinLondon.=HeaskedmetoliveinLondon.4.连接词的变化：5.时态的变化：时态的变化直接引语间接引语1.主句是一般现在时态，间接引语的动词时态不变。Hesays,“IliveinLondon.”=HesaysthathelivesinLondon.2.、直接引语转换成间接引语时时态的变化一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时/过去将来时/过去进行时不变Hesaid,"I'mafraidIcan'tfinishthiswork."Hesaid,"I'musingtheknife."Shesaid,"IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay."Hesaid;"Icametohelp=Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn'tfinishthatwork.=Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.=Shesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsince一般将来时过去将来时you."Hesaid,"Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper."ZhouLansaid,"I'11doitafterclass."May.=Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.=Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.=ZhouLansaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.3.表示过去具体年份的状语不变Hesaid,“Iwasbornin1956.”=Hesaidthathewasbornin19564.表示真理，格Hesaid,“Theearthturnsaroundthesun.”=Hesaidthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.人称代词变化1.一主（根据引号外的主语变换引号内的人称代词）TomsaidtoKate,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”=TomandKatethathehadalreadyfinishedhishomework.2.二宾（根据引号外的宾语变换引号内的人称代词）TomsaidtoKate,“YouspeakEnglishbetterthanme.”=TomtoldKatethatshespokeEnglishbetterthanhim.3.三不变（第三人称不变）TomaskedMike,“Doessheoftencometoschoollate?”=TomaskedMikeif/whethersheoftenwenttoschoollate.言，谚语等不受时5.强调所谈情况仍然存在时不变。Shesaid,‘thebusleavesat5:40.’(公交车尚未开走)=Shesaid...
