SectionⅣGrammar情态动词＋havedone1．(教材P57)Themeteoritemight__have__caused(cause)ahugedustcloud.2．(教材P57)Thedustcloudmay__have__cut(cut)offthesunlight.3．(教材P57)Smallanimalsmay__have__survived(survive)byeatingnutsandseeds.4．(教材P57)Thedinosaursmight__have__been__killed(kill)byvolcaniceruptions.“情态动词＋havedone”结构一般有两个主要用法：一是表示对过去发生的动作或状态的推测，二是表示对过去发生的动作的遗憾或责备。musthavedone的用法musthavedone表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测，意为“一定做过……”，只用于肯定句中。◆(陕西卷)Thechildrenmusthavegotlostinthewoods;otherwise,theywouldhavebeenatthelakesidecampasscheduled.孩子们一定在树林中迷路了，要不然他们已经按照计划回到湖边的营地了。can/couldhavedone的用法1．can/couldhavedone多用于否定句和疑问句中，表示对过去发生事情的推测。◆(2016·浙江卷6月)Georgecan’thavegonetoofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.乔治不可能走得太远。因为他的咖啡还是热的呢。◆(陕西卷)Mybook,TheHouseofHades,ismissing.Whocouldhavetakenit?我的书《哈迪斯之屋》不见了。会是谁把它拿走了呢？2．couldhavedone用于肯定句中，表示“本来能够做而没有做”。◆(北京卷)Wecouldhavefacedthedifficultytogether,butwhydidn’tyoutellme？我们本来可以共同面对困难，可你为什么不告诉我呢？may/mighthavedone的用法may/might(not)havedone表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意为“可能已经(没有)做过”，常用于肯定句和否定句中。might的可能性比may的还要小。◆(江苏卷)—Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.——我把手提包落在火车上了，但是，幸运的是，有人把它交给了铁路部的一名官员。—Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someonemighthavestolenit.——能重新找回来真是令人难以置信！我是说，有人原本可能已经偷走了它。oughtto/shouldhavedone的用法1．oughtto/shouldhavedone表示“本来应该做，而实际没做”。◆(福建卷)—Sorry,Mum！Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.——对不起，妈妈！我工作面试又失败了。—Oh,it’stoobad.Youshouldhavemadefullpreparations.——哦，太糟糕了。你本应该做好充足的准备。2．oughtn’tto/shouldn’thavedone表示“本来不应该做，而实际做了”。◆Look,Tomiscrying.Ishouldn’thavebeensostrictwithhim.看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。needn’thavedone的用法needn’thavedone表示“本来不需要做而做了”。◆(天津卷)Ineedn’thaveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.来新学校之前我本不必担忧的，因为我在这儿的同学对我非常友好。单句语法填空1．—Jerrymust__have__come(come)backbecausethewindowisopen.—Yes，buthemight__have__left(leave)itopenthismorning.2．—Mummy,Iclimbedtogettheteddybearfromthetopoftheshelf.—Mygoodness！Youmight__have__hurt(hurt)yourself.Youmustn’tdothatnexttime!3．—I’msorry.Ishouldn’t__have__shouted(notshout)atyoutheotherday.—Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.4．(江西卷)Weneedn’t__have__bought(notbuy)somuchfoodnowthatSuziewon’tbewithusfordinner.5．That’sreallybad.Youcould__have__caught(catch)thebusifyouhadbeeninahurry.6．(湖北卷)Youshouldn’t__have__interrupted(notinterrupt)themeetingtotellmethat;youcould__have__come(come)totellmeafterwards.7．—Wasityouthatmadethesuggestion?—Itmay/mighthavebeen.Ican’tremember.8．—CouldTomhavecometovisituswhenwewereinQingdao?—No，hecouldn’thavecome，becausehehasbeenonbusinessinDalian.9．(全国卷Ⅱ)Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,hemust__have__done(do)theresearchonhisown.10．Thedriverwhodiedintheaccidentcouldhave__survived(survive),buthedidn’twearaseatbelt.单句改错1．Mr.Smithmustn’thavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.mustn’t→can’t2．Thereisnolightintheroom.Maytheyhavegoneout？May→Can3．Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.Ineedn’thavebeentakenthetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.去掉been4．Youcouldn’thavewokenmeup;Idon’thavetogotoworktoday.couldn’t→needn’t5．Wemusthavestudiedlastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.must→should语法与写作1．昨晚一定下雨了，因为路面很泥泞。Itmust__have__rained__last__night，fortheroadisquitemuddy.2．到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？Thereisnowheretofindthem.Wherecan__they__have__gone?3．约翰不在家，我想他可能去上学了吧。Johnisn’tathome.Ithinkhemay/might__have__gone__to__school．4．本来他能够通过高考的，但是他太粗心了。Hecould__have__passedtheEntranceExaminationtotheCollege,buthewastoocareless.5．我真的很后悔该努力学习的时候浪费了太多时间，但现在太晚了。IreallyregretwastingthehourswhenIshould__have__studied__hard,__butitistoolate.
