高一英语Unit 3 （II）冀教版知识精讲VIP免费

高一英语Unit3（II）冀教版【本讲教育信息】一.教学内容：Unit3（II）语法讲解：直接引语和间接引语引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构、人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢?1.人称的转变（1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：Hesaid，“Iamverysorry.”→Hesaidthathewasverysorry.（2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如：“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.→MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.（3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：Shesaidtoherson,“I'llcheckyourhomeworktonight.”→Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.（4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：Heaskedme,“Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?”→HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。2.时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时例如：“Iamverygladtovisityourschool”,shesaid.→Shesaidshewasverygladtovisitourschool.Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”→Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?”→MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.用心爱心专心Heaskedtheconductor,“WhereshallIgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus?”→HeaskedtheconductorwherehewouldgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus.“Whydidsherefusetogothere?”theteacherasked.→Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.Motheraskedme,“HadyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchedTV?”→MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.Tomsaid,“Wewerehavingafootballmatchthistimeyesterday.”→Tomsaidthattheywerehavingafootballmatchthattimethedaybefore.Hesaid，“Ihaven'theardfrommyparentsthesedays.”→Hesaidthathehadn'theardfromhisparentsthosedays.3.直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况（1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”→Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.（2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：Hewillsay,“I’lltrymybesttohelpyou.”→Hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelpme.（3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”→Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.（4）当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：Hesaid，“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”→Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.（5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”→Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.（6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：Hesaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”→Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.（7）当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时，如：例如：T...