Module3Literature-Period3练习Period3Grammar--Inversionusedforemphasis■Goal●TolearnaboutInversion■ProceduresStep1:LearningaboutInversion倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。一、从句子结构上看，倒装句可分为完全倒装和部分倒装。1.完全倒装完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（使整个谓语动词，而非助动词），谓语形式不作变化。Incametheteacher.比较该句的正常语序：Theteachercamein.完全倒装主要分以下几种情况：(1)here,there,out,in,up,down,now,then,away等副词置于句首时。例如：Downfelltherottenbranchesfromthetree.Thereappearedtobeamaninblackinthedistance.注意：在这些副词引出的倒装句中，当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句，但当主语是代词时，主语和谓语的位置就不能颠倒。例如：Herecomesthepostman!Outherushed.(不能说：Outrushedhe.)(2)在含有直接引语的句子中。例如：“Wherewereyouborn?”askedtheman(3)为了句子的平衡。例如：Underthattreesitsabeautifulgirl,whoisdressedinwhite.Luckyishewhohasbeenenrolledintoafamousuniversity.如不倒装，句子的语序为：Abeautifulgirl,whoisdressedinwhite,sitsunderthattree.Hewhohasbeenenrolledintoafamousuniversityislucky.不难看出，不倒装的句子显得头重脚轻。2.部分倒装部分倒装是只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。例如：NotuntilyesterdaydidlittleJohnchangehismindLittledoIknowthatwhatIsaidhurtherdeeply.部分倒装分以下一些情况(1)only修饰的副词，介词短语或状语从句放在句首时。例如：Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnfromyourmistakes.Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.(2)含有否定意义的副词或连词。如：hardly,never,notonly,little等放在句首时，例如：Notasinglemistakedidhemake.Littledoeshecareaboutwhatothersthink.(3)用于nosooner……than…,hardly….when和notuntil的句型中。例如：Notuntilquiterecentlydidhefinishhiswork.Hardlyhadhefinishedwhensomeonerosetorefusehispoints.Nosoonerhadhearrivedtherethanhefellill.(4)as,however连接的主步副词分句，例如：Smallasthepenis,itisapowerfulweapon.Howeverbusyyouare,youshouldspendsometimereadingthenewspaper.(5)省略连词if的条件副词分句，例如：WereIyou,Iwouldnotdosuchathing.Shouldthemachinebreakdownagain,senditbacktous.Hadyouworkedharder,youwouldhavepassed.(6)由连接词so,neither,nor引导的句子，例如Tomcanrideabicycle;socanI.Shecan’tsing;nor(neither)canhe.Johnhasneverbeenlate;nor(neither)haveI.二、从倒装句的功能来看，倒装句中以起到一些特定的语法功能，也可表示强调。1.起到一些特定的语法功能(1)构成疑问句。例如：Wheredidyougoyesterday?Wereyoulisteningtomusicatthattime?(2)表示愿望的句子，例如：MayGodblessyou.Longlivetheking!(3)构成感叹句，例如：Howbeautifulthefloweris!Whatasmartboyyouare!2.表示强调(1)把表示否定的副词或副词短语提到句子前，强调否定意义。例如：NeverhaveIseensuchawickedman.Onnoaccountmustthisemployeeberemoved.NotuntilhetoldmehadIheardanythingofit.(2)以here,there或out,in,up,down,away等词开头的句子，倒装以示强调。例如：Theregoesthebell.Herecomethechildren.Outrushedthechildren.Awaywenttheboy.(3)Only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首表示强调。例如：OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnfromyourmistakes.Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.(4)强调介词短语表示方位地点，用倒装。例如：Fromthevalleycameafrighteningsound.Northofthecityliesauniversity.Step2:Exercisesforconsolidation1.__tocomeovertohaveatalkwithhiminthosedays.A.SeldomdidIhavetimeB.IhadseldomtimeC.SeldomhadItimeD.HadIseldomtime2.Nosoonerhadtheteacherlefttheclassroom__thepupilsr...
