第二章被动语态（一）语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态(activevoice)和被动语态(passivevoice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。一、被动语态的构成被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。A.十种常见时态的被动语态1.一般现在时主动语态：do被动语态：amisaredoneWecleantheclassroomeveryday.我们每天打扫教室。Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.教室每天都由我们打扫。Suchsongsareusuallysungbygirls.这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。Russianisnottaughtinourschool.我们学校不教俄语。Aremanygoodsshippedabroadeveryday每天都有许多货物运往国外吗2.一般过去时主动语态：did被动语态：wasweredoneWecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。Thewindowwasbrokenbymyson.窗子是我儿子打破的。Weremanytreesplantedonthehillyesterday昨天山上种了许多树吗？Howmuchmoneywasstoleninall一共被偷了多少钱？3.一般将来时主动语态：willshalldo被动语态：willshallbedoneWewillcleantheclassroomsoon.我们很快要打扫教室。Theclassroomwillbecleanedsoon.教室很快要被打扫了。Theworkwillbedoneimmediately.这工作将马上做。Willtheschoolsportsmeetingbeheldnextweek？校运动会将在下星期举行吗？WhenshallwebegivenalectureontheInternet什么时候给我们作有关因特网的讲座？4.一般过去将来时主动语态：woulddo被动语态：wouldbedoneWetoldhimthatwewouldcleantheclassroomsoon.我们告诉他我们马上就打扫教室。Wetoldhimthattheclassroomwouldbecleanedsoon.我们告诉他教室很快就会被打扫的。Hesaidthatanewtradecenterwouldbebuiltinthecentreofthecity.他说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来。Sheaskedwhethertheirplanwouldbeconsideredwithgreatcare.她问他们的计划会不会得到仔细的考虑。Iwasn'ttoldthatIshouldbeinvitedtotheparty.没人告诉我要被邀请出席晚会。5.现在进行时主动语态：amisaredoing被动语态：amisarebeingdoneWearecleaningtheclassroomnow.我们现在正在打扫教室。Theclassroomisbeingcleanednow.教室现在正在被打扫。Ahospitalisbeingbuiltinthecentreofthetown.镇中心正在兴建一家医院。Arethebabiesbeingtakencareofbythisnurse这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？Howisthenewteachingmethodbeingtriedthere那里是怎样试行这种新教学方法的？6.过去进行时主动语态：wasweredoing被动语态：waswerebeingdoneWewerecleaningtheclassroomthistimeyesterday.昨天这个时候我们在打扫教室。Theclassroomwasbeingcleanedthistimeyesterday.昨天这个时候教室正在被打扫Theteachingplanwasbeingdiscussedatthattime.那时正在讨论教学计划。WastheTVsetbeingfixedthistimeyesterday昨天这个时候电视机正在被修理吗？Thehousewasbeingpaintedwhenwearrivedathishome.我们到他家时，他家房子正在粉刷。7.现在完成时主动语态：hashavedone被动语态：hashavebeendoneTheclassroomlookstidy.Wehavecleanedit.教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫了。Theclassroomlookstidy.Ithasbeencleaned.教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫了ManyforeignfilmshavebeenshownonTVsincelastmonth.上个月以来，电视中播放了许多外国影片。Theradiohasnotbeenturnedonyet.收音机还没开。Hasanewtrainingcentrebeensetupinourtown我们镇上新的培训中心建好了吗？8.过去完成时主动语态：haddone被动语态：hadbeendoneTheclassroomlookedtidy.Wehadcleanedit.教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫过了。Theclassroomlookedtidy.Ithadbeencleaned.教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫过了。HisnewlywrittennovelhadbeentranslatedintoEnglishbytheendoflastmonth.上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。Shetoldmet...
