SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructuresGrammar—定语从句(Ⅰ)[新知导引]诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性1.(教材P50)Thereweredeepcracksthat/whichappearedinthewellwalls.2.(教材P50)Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.3.(教材P50)Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.4.(教材P50)Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.5.(教材P50)Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.6.(教材P52)AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.7.Theboywhosefatherisateacherisanewclassmateofmine.8.Chinaisacountrythat/whichhasalonghistory.[共性呈现]1.第2、3、4句中的定语从句使用了关系代词who,在定语从句中作主语。2.第1、8句中的定语从句使用了关系代词which/that,在定语从句中作主语。3.第6句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whom,在定语从句中作宾语。关系代词who/whom常用来指代人;关系代词that/which常用来指代物;关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物。4.第5、7句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whose,在定语从句中作定语,它既可以指人也可以指物。[语法精释]who(whom),which,that,whose引导的定语从句在复合句中,修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句,同时指代先行词,并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种,关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等;关系副词有when,where,why。一、关系代词的基本用法1.who指人,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。Themanwhoistalkingwithmyfatherisateacher.正在和我父亲说话的那个人是个教师。Thegirl(who)Imetyesterdayishissister.我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。2.whom指人,在从句中作宾语,常可省略,不能作主语。Theboy(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。注意:(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。Theboy(who/whom/that)wesawyesterdayisJohn'sbrother.昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时,用whom,不用who。Heisamanfromwhomweareallreadytolearn.他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人。[即学即练1]关系代词填空(1)Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?(2)Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsetdownyournames,please.(3)Thisisthepersonwho/whomyoushouldthankforhelpingyourson.3.which只指物,不指人,可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。Guilinisacitywhichhasahistoryof2,000years.桂林是一个有2000年历史的城市。Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldring(which)hehadlostonthetrain.那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指,非常高兴。4.whose既可指人,也可指物。其后接名词,与先行词构成从属关系,在从句中作定语。Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。Nobodywantsthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。5.that指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。Thewoman(that)Ireadaboutinthenewspaperhasjustwonagoldmedal.我在报纸上读过那位妇女的相关报道,她刚刚夺得一枚金牌。Thereport(that)Mr.Turnerhandedinwasaboutthemotorrace.特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。[即学即练2]关系代词填空(1)Look,herearesomepeoplewho/whom/thatIwantyoutomeet.(2)Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthat/whichwevisitedthreemonthsago?(3)Anystudentwhosefamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.二、用that不用which的情况。1.当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anythinglittle,much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时...