PeriodThreeGrammar&Writing一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态一、被动语态的构成英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,而被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。被动语态的基本构成是“be+过去分词”。二、使用被动语态的情况1.动作的承受者是谈话的中心,强调或突出动作的承受者时。LiMingwaselectedchairmanofthemeeting.李明被选为会议的主席。2.只知道动作的承受者或没有必要说出动作的执行者时。PaperwasfirstmadeinChina.纸最早是在中国制造的。三、一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态1.一般现在时的被动语态的基本结构是:动作的承受者+am/is/are+过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)。Iamoftentoldtobecarefulbymymother.妈妈经常告诉我要小心。2.一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构是:动作的承受者+was/were+过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)。Theboywashitbyacaryesterday.这个男孩昨天被车撞了。Thechairswererepairedyesterdaymorning.这些椅子昨天上午修过了。四、不用被动语态的情况1.某些实义动词(sell,wash,write,wear等)的主动形式后跟副词(well,badly,easily等)表示被动意义,这种“动词+副词”结构常表示事物内部特有的属性。Thebooksellswell.这本书销路好。Thepenmyfathergavemeasabirthdaygiftwritessmoothly.父亲作为生日礼物送给我的钢笔写起来很流畅。2.对系动词而言,如:feel,taste,sound,become,seem等,一般用其主动形式表示被动意义。这种食品尝起来美味可口。[正]Thefoodtastesdelicious.[误]Thefoodistasteddelicious.3.表示状态的动词,如:lack,fit,mean,hold,have,contain,resemble等,不用于被动语态。简长得像莉莲。[正]JaneresemblesLilian.[误]LilianisresembledbyJane.4.不及物动词或不及物动词短语,如die,disappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,lie,sit,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,takeplace等没有被动语态。Thewarbrokeoutin1986.那场战争爆发于1986年。即时跟踪1(1)用所给动词的正确形式填空①—Whydidyouleavethatposition?—Iwasoffered(offer)abetterpositionatIBM.②Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschoolweresent(send)abroadtostudyforeignlanguagelastyear.③Linda,makesurethetablesareset(set)beforetheguestsarrive.④Apianoconcertwasgiven(give)inJinanlastSaturday.⑤Onceharmisdone(do)tothenervoussystemofpeople,itcanhardlyberecovered.(2)句型转换①Theteachertoldthechildrenastory.Thechildrenweretoldastorybytheteacher.②DifferentcooksindifferentpartsofChinacookdishesindifferentways.DishesarecookedindifferentwaysbydifferentcooksindifferentpartsofChina.③Theywatchedthechildrensingthatmorning.Thechildrenwerewatchedtosingthatmorning.④Thecityisvisitedbyabout20,000touristseveryday.About20,000touristsvisitthecityeveryday.⑤Thestudentsaremadetodoalotofhomework.Teachersmakethestudentsdoalotofhomework.主谓一致一个句子的谓语动词在人称和数上与主语必须一致。本模块出现的是集合名词、代词(neither,none,each)作主语时与谓语动词一致的情况。下面就它们的用法进行讲解。1.一些集合名词,如:family,team,class,band,committee,government,group,public等用作主语时,若视为整体,谓语动词则用单数形式;若视为个体,谓语动词则用复数形式。特别提示:集合名词cattle,people,police作主语时,谓语常用复数。记忆秘诀:牛群爱人民警察。Peopleareworkinghardinthefield.人们在地里辛勤地劳作着。Thepolicearesearchingfortheescapedprisoners.警察正在搜寻逃跑的罪犯。2.当两个主语由or,either...or...,neither...nor...或notonly...butalso...等连接时,谓语动词要与最后的主语一致,即我们常说的“就近原则”。LiMing,oryou,aregoingtomeettheforeignguestsattheairport.李明或者你将去机场接外国朋友。NeithertheSmithsnortheirsonsupportstheplan.史密斯夫妇和他们的儿子都不赞成这个...