Unit14ZoologyGoals◆Talkaboutanimalsandanimalbehaviour◆Practisedebating◆Integrativelanguagepractice◆WriteanargumentativeessayPeriod2Let’sread!(THELANGUAGEOFHONEY-BEES)GoalsLearnaboutthecommunicationofbeesLearnthewaysscientistsusetodoresearchProceduresStep1:Discussinginpairs1.Howdopeoplecommunicatewitheachother?ThewaypeopleusetocommunicatewitheachotherSpokenlanguageWrittenlanguageFacialexpressionsHandgesturesPostureBodylanguage2.Howdoanimalscommunicate?Thewayanimalsusetocommunicatewitheachothersoundssmellmovementstouchwitheachotherfacialexpressionsbodylanguageposture3.HowmuchdoyouknowProfessorKarlvonFrisch,afamouszoologist?KarlvonFrischFrischisbestknownforhisstudiesofbees.In1919hedemonstratedthatbeescanbetrainedtodistinguishbetweenvarioustastesandodours.Hefoundthatwhiletheirsenseofsmellissimilartothatofhumans,theirsenseoftasteisnotashighlydeveloped.Healsoobservedthatitisnotlimitedtothequalityofsweetness.Hefoundthatbeescommunicatethedistanceanddirectionofafoodsupplytoothermembersofthecolonybytwotypesofrhythmicmovementsordances:circlingandwagging.Thecirclingdanceindicatesthatfoodiswithin75m(about250feet)ofthehive,whilethewaggingdanceindicatesagreaterdistance.In1949Frischestablishedthatbees,throughtheirperceptionofpolarizedlight,usetheSunasacompass.HealsofoundthattheyarecapableofusingthismethodoforientationwhentheSunisnotvisible,apparentlyrememberingpatternsofpolarizationpresentedbytheskyatdifferenttimesofthedayandthelocationofpreviouslyencounteredlandmarks.用心爱心专心115号编辑Step2:ReadingandjudgingReadthetextquicklyanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.1.Scientistshaveinterestinhoney-beesbecauseofthe“language”theyusetocommunicatewitheachother.2.ProfessorKarlvonFrischbuiltspecialhivesandatransparentwalltoobservebees.3.Afterseeingonebee’sdance,thesurroundingbeesleavethehiveandgotothefeedingplacedirectly.4.Thebeesfromclosefeedingplaceperformawaggingdance.5.Withastop-watch,zoologistscountedthetimebeesusedtoflyfromthefeedingplacetothehive.6.Theexpression“tomakeabeelineforsomeoneorsomething”meanstogoquicklyalongastraightcourseforsomebodyorsomething.7.ProfessorvonFrischdidsomuchworkonthecommunicationofanimalsthathewasrewardedaNobelPrizein1973.Step3:ListeningandfillingListentothetapeandreadthetext,thenfilltheformbelow.ProblemsExperimentsResultsConclusionHowdidonebeecommunicatethenewsoffoodtootherbeesinitshive?ProfessorvonFrischmarkedsomebeeswithlittledotsofcolour.Themarkedbeeperformedacircledance,andthesurroundingbeescopieditandleftforthefeedingplacetogether.Thecircledancecommunicatedthenewsoffood.DidthedanceProfessorvonFrischsetBeesfromnearbyThetwodancestold用心爱心专心115号编辑Beesaredependentonpollenasaproteinsourceandonflowernectaroroilsasanenergysource.Adultfemalescollectpollenprimarilytofeedtheirlarvae.Thepollentheyinevitablyloseingoingfromflowertoflowerisimportanttoplantsbecausesomepollenlandsonthepistils(reproductivestructures)ofotherflowersofthesamespecies,resultingincross-pollination.Beesare,infact,themostimportantpollinatinginsects,andtheirinterdependencewithplantsmakesthemanexcellentexampleofthetypeofsymbiosisknownasmutualism,anassociationbetweenunlikeorganismsthatisbeneficialtobothparties.Mostbeeshavespecializedbranchedorfeatherybodyhairsthathelpinthecollectionofpollen.Femalebees,likemanyotherhymenopterans,haveadefensivesting.Somebeesproduceh...
