"江苏省苏大附中高三英语暑期自主学习讲义1"【易错点梳理】（一）关系代词和关系副词的功能关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词可作状语。主语宾语介+宾定语状语人whothatwhowhomthatwhomWhose=ofwhomwhere(地方)when(时间)why(原因)物thatwhichthatwhichwhichWhose=ofwhich（二）关系代词的特殊用法1.用关系代词that的情况①当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时。all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little等不定代词时。Togetthejobstarted,allthatIneedisyourpermission.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?②当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。Thiswasoneofthemostinterestingbooksthatweresoldinthisbookstore.Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetsomefood.③当先行词有thevery，theonly,thelast等修饰时。That’stheonlythingthatwecandonow.Thosearetheverywordsthatheused.④当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。Theytalkedforabouthalfanhourofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.⑤当先行词在主句中作表语、且引导词作定语从句的表语时常用that。Sheisn'tthelittlegirlthatsheusedtobe.⑥当要避免与疑问词which或who重复时。WhichisthecarthatwasmadeinBeijing?Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?2.用关系代词which的情况①引导非限制性定语从句。Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,whichpersonallyIdoubtverymuch.②直接放在介词后作宾语时。Languageisthemostimportanttoolwithoutwhichpeoplecan'tcommunicatewitheachother.3.用关系代词as的情况①as引导限制性定语从句通常构成such...as、thesame...as、so…as、as…as等固定搭配，as在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语。Ishouldliketousethesametoolasyouusedyesterday.Don’treadsuchbooksasarenotworthreading.②such/so…that…与such/so…as…的区别“such/so…that…”表示“如此……以致……”，引导结果状语从句；而“such/so…as…”表示“像……这样的……”，引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主、宾或表语。Heissuchanhonestmanthatwerespecthim.=Heissohonestamanthatwerespecthim.Heissuchanhonestmanaswerespect.=Heissohonestamanaswerespect.③as引导非限制性定语从句as引导非限制性定语从句，可以代替一个单词或句子，as引导的句子可放在句首、句中或句末。Themoon,asisknowntoeverybody,travelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,asisknowntoeverybody.注意：as引导非限制性定语从句的一些固定结构如：asweknow/asisknowntoall(众所周知),asweallcansee(正如我们大家都能看到的那样),ashasbeensaidbefore/above(正如前文所述),ashasbeenpointedout(正如所指出的那样),asmightbeimagined(可以想象得到),asmightbeexpected(正如所预料的那样),asisoftenthecase(情况常常是这样)等。as与which在非限制性定语从句中的用法区别①as引导非限制性定语从句时，放在句首、句中或句末，而which只能位于主句之后。②which引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，相当于andthis；as引导的从句表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等。Hesoldhisbicycle,whichsurprisedme.(=Hesoldhisbicycle,andthissurprisedme.)③which引导的非限制性定语从句可以是否定句。Mummytreatsmelikeababy,whichIcan'tbear.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,whichwehadn'texpected.(三)关系副词的用法英语中的关系副词有where，when，why等。1.when的用法when指时间，修饰表时间的先行词或“模糊的时间”，如：occasion(时刻),stay等，在定语从句中作时间状语。time(次数)在从句中作状语，用关系代词that或省略；time(一段时间、时代)在从句中作状语，用关系副词when或介词+which。I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.OccasionsarequiterarewhenI...
