科普英语竞赛低年级组讲义二第一部分探究科普英语一.解析科普英语:科普英语在语言运用的前提下区别于常规英语的“三大”特征:。。。。。略，见讲义一第二部分过各关的技巧点拨：(一)．巧过科普英语单词关：科普英语单词是专业词汇，所以比较繁。孩子们对这些词都有些恐惧，其实很简单，只要花30分钟记以下这些规则（可以此编故事，如：词根是老祖宗，按家谱：前缀+词根+后缀。。。。。略，见讲义一（二)巧过语法和语态：（这部分的讲解及典型例题详细见课上笔记！！科普英语竞赛中经常出现的是定语从句，宾语从句，语态是被动语态句子各成分的组织结构：一．英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物.Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征.WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征.Heisateacher.(名词)Seventy-four!Youdon'tlookit.(代词)Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)Towearafloweristosay"I'mpoor,Ican'tbuyaring.(不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)(常见的系动词有:be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)...Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句)主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物.谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征.表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征.(常见的系动词有:be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)...宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾tedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语.1Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn'tcomehere.(名)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语)Don'tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)Don'tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)I'llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)主补:对主语的补充.Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.www.rr365.com定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子.AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.(现在分词)Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)状语:用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子.表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步.(以下例句按上述顺序排列)Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.Hestudieshardtolear...
