第九讲形容词副词一.形容词的作用形容词是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语。1.作定语:特别注意多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序。形容词短语作定语,定语后置。alanguagedifficulttomaster,aleaningtowerabout180feethigh2.作表语:通常与系动词be,get,grow,become,feel,appear,prove,seem,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,turn,remain等连用。如:Ourclassroomisclean.Theweatherisgettingcoolerandcooler.3.作宾补:如:Thenewsmadeeveryonehappy.4.与定冠词一起表示某一类人或物,在句中可作主语、宾语。如:Therichandthepoorliveverydifferentlives.5.作状语,表示伴随状况、原因、结果等。如:Hewenttobed,coldandhungry.Shestaredintothedistance,speechlessforamoment.二.副词的作用副词的定义:副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子之首。1.作状语:通常修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。如:Weshouldconstantlyreviewourlessons.2.作表语:Nowsummerisin.3.作定语:如:Thepopulationhereisgettingsmallerandsmaller.Onemywayhome,Isawanoldladysittingunderatreealone.4.作宾补(副词构成复合宾语的情况较少)如:IsawMrsGreenoutwithherhusband.5.构成短语:表示位置的副词可与动词构成短语,表示特定的意思。如:pickout(挑选),turnup(露面)副词的分类:1.时间和频度副词:now,then,often,always,usually,early,today,lately,next,last,already,generally,frequently,seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too,immediately,hardly,finally,shortly,before,ago,sometimes,yesterday2.地点副词:here,there,everywhere,anywhere,in,out,inside,outside,above,below,down,back,forward,home,upstairs,downstairs,across,along,round,around,near,off,past,up,away,on.3.方式副词:carefully,properly,anxiously,suddenly,normally,fast,well,calmly,politely,proudly,softly,warmly4.程度副词:much,little,very,rather,so,too,still,quite,perfectly,enough,extremely,entirely,almost,slightly.5.疑问副词:how,when,where,why.6.关系副词:when,where,why.7.连接副词:how,when,where,why,whether.三.容易出错的几个注意点1.下列以a-开头的形容词通常只用作表语:表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、aliveashamed,afloat(飘浮的),aware(知道的)等。)作定语,定语后置。如amanalive。amanafraid(害怕的人),thegreatestmanalive(健在的最伟大的人)theonlychildawake(唯一醒着的孩子)有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语。另外,unable,content(满足的),ill(生病的),通常不可用作定语;ill作定语时,通常是"坏的,邪恶的"意思。尽管现在已有人用ill作前置定语表示生病的,well表示健康的,习惯上还是用sick,healthy等作前置定语为好。注意:(1)多数以a-开头的形容词不直接用very修饰,通常习惯说法如:verymuchalone非常孤单的/wideawake十分清醒的/sound/fastasleep熟睡的(2)以a-开头的形容词本身带有副词来修饰时,可以用作前置定语,如:afastasleepboy熟睡的男孩;thewideawakesoldiers十分清醒的士兵(3)用作定语,修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时,通常后置。如:Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.(4)else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。(5)几个并列的形容词作定语,其语序通常为:限定语(The、A)+描绘性形容词+size(大小)+shape(形状)+age(年龄、时间)+color(颜色)+origin(国籍、来源)+material(材料)+purpose(目的)+名词。如:aheavyblackChinesesteelumbrella,theman’sfirsttowinterestinglittleredFrenchoilpaitings2.有些形容词(如wooden)通常不能用作表语。我们不说Thetableiswooden而应改为:Thetableisofwood.或Thetableismadeofwood.不能用作表语,只能作定语的常用形容词还有:inner内部的,outer外部的,former较前的,latter较后的,utter完全...