Module2AJobWorthDoingPartOne:TeachingDesignPeriod3:FUNCTION—MakingdeductionaboutthepastGoals●TolearntomakingdeductionaboutthepastProcedures▇Warmingupbylearningto“deduce”★Canwededucefromyoursilencethatyoudonotapprove?★Wecandeducealotfromwhatpeoplechoosetobuy.★Theanswerisdeduciblefromtheevidenceavailable.★Hearrivedatthesolutionbyasimpleprocessofdeduction.★Ifmydeductionsarecorrect,Icantellyouwhothekillerwas.★Wecanexaminethebonesofdinosaursandmakedeductionsabouthowtheylived.■Makingdeductionaboutthepastwithmodalverbs(degreesofcertainty)AsSwan(PracticalEnglishUsage(OxfordUniversityPress,1997)),explains:"One(ofthemeaningsofmodalverbs)istodowithdegreesofcertainty:modalverbscanbeusedtosayforinstancethatasituationiscertain,probable,possibleorimpossible."Modalverbscanbeusedtoexpresstheseideasaboutthepast,presentandfuture.Themostdefinitedegreeofcertaintycanbeexpressedwithwillandwon't,followedbymustandcan't/couldn't,shouldandshouldn't,mayandmaynot,andmight/couldandmightn't,whichexpresstheleastdefinitedegreeofcertainty.Allofthesemodalverbscanbeusedtotalkaboutdegreesofcertaintyinthepast.Oncemore,willorwon'texpressesthemostcertainty,andmight/couldormightn'ttheleastcertainty.Examples:★ThatwillhavebeenTedyousaw---he'ssevenfeettall.★Itwon'thavebeenSueyousaw---she'sblondeandisfivefeettall.★Noticethatwouldandwouldn'tcanbeusedinthesamewayaswillandwouldhere:用心爱心专心116号编辑★ThatwouldhavebeenTedyousaw---he'ssevenfeettall.★Itwouldn'thavebeenSueyousaw---she'sblondeandisfivefeettall.★Thatmusthavebeenfun---youlovedancing,don'tyou?Itcan't/couldn'thavebeenmuchfunoutontheboat---thereweregale-forcewind,Ihear.(Seegrammardefinitions).★Wherecantheybe?Theyshouldhavebeenherealongtimeago.★Wherecantheybe?Theyshouldn'thavetakenthislong.★Shemayhavedroppedby---wewereoutallmorning.★Shemaynothavebeenabletoseeproperlyintheheavyrain.★Hemighthavehadanaccident!★Shemightn'thaveevenknownweweregoingtobehere.★I'mabsolutelysure!.Theymusthavearrivedyesterday,Isawtheirticket.★Areyoujoking!Davidcan'thavegonetoParislastweek.Hedoesn'thaveenoughmoney.★Theconcertmusthavebeenwonderfullastnight.Fioreisagreatconductor.★Johnisn'there.He'sonassignmentinBali.Sothepersonyouspoketothismorningcan’thavebeenJohn.★Shemighthavetakenthebus.I'mnotsurehowshegottowork.★Shemightnothavetakenthebus.Shemighthavewalkedhome.■Closingdownbydoaquiz1.Mr.Blackdidn’tcometotheofficeyesterday.He____ill.a.canbeb.mustbec.musthavebeend.wouldbe2.Mr.Smith_____beintheofficenow.Isawhimtakeataxijustamomentago.a.can’tb.doesn’tc.mustn’td.needn’t3.Where___inthepastthreeyears?a.hadyougoneb.haveyougonec.didyougod.haveyoubeen4.Letuswaitalittlelonger,_____?a.shallweb.willyouc.couldwed.canyou5.Lindahaslivedhereforalongtime,soshe____theweather.a.usedtob.getusedtoc.becameusedtod.isusedto6.She___athomenow,butI’mnotsure.a.maybeb.mightbec.mayhavebeend.mighthavebeen7.Noone__thattohisface.用心爱心专心116号编辑a.daretosayb.daressayc.daressayingd.daresay8.I’msorryI____totellyouIwascoming.a.oughttophoneb.shouldphonec.needtophoned.oughttohavephoned9.—Didyoublamehimforhismistake?–Yes,but__it.a.I’drathernothavedoneb.I’drathernotdoc.I’dbetternotdod.I’drathernotdoing10.Atthatmomentshe___withherlittlesisterathome.a.mayplayb.canplayc.mightbeplayingd.mightbeplayed11.You____readthatarticleifyoudon’twantto.a.haven’ttob.can’tc.mustn’td.needn...
