近代中国国内公债史研究VIP免费

近代中国国内公债史研究【内容提要】自20世纪30年代以来，关于近代中国内债史的研究已经取得了一定的成绩，但也存在着一些值得注意的问题，主要有四：（1）迫切需要对近代中国内债问题作一个系统、专门的研究，使相关的专著能早日面世；（2）必须联系近代中国的政治、经济和军事的发展来研究近代中国内债；（3）应该拓宽近代中国内债史的研究领域，深化研究的层面；（4）应运用现代公债理论来分析近代中国内债史，为今天国债政策的制定提供借鉴。【摘要题】近代经济史【英文摘要】Publicdebt,whichhadhadprofoundinfluencesonthefinanceandbankingaswellaseconomyofallChinesegovernmentsbefore1949,wasobviouslyaveryimportantprobleminChina'smodemhistoryofeconomy.ResearchesintoChina'sexternalpublicdebthavebeenstartedearlyenoughintheacademiccommunitythatalotofrelatedscientificachievementshavebeenscored.Onthecontrary,however,therehavebeenfewspecialorsystematicresearchesregardingthepublicdebtinmodemChina.So,itishighlynecessarytoenhancethesaidresearches.ThepublicorinternaldebtinquestionmeansthetotalamountofmoneyborrowedbyallthepreviouscentralgovernmentsofmodemChinaorbylocalgovernmentswiththeapprovalofthecentralgovernment,including（1）publicbondsissuedbytheMinistryofFinance,thoseissuedbytheMinistryofRailways,MinistryofCommunicationandtheCommissionofConstructionaswellassomeotherrelevantdepartmentsofthecentralgovernment,and（2）governmentbondsandtreasurybondsaswellasdebtsbasedoncontractsandagreements.WhileresearchesonChina'sinternaldebtstartedasearlyasthe1930swerefarformbeingperfect,thosethathavebeenconductedbycontemporaryscholarsarejustorientedtowardshistoricalperiodsandspecialsubjects.Sofarlittlehasbeenachievedintermsofcomprehensiveresearches.ScholarsfailedtopaydueattentiontotheresearchesduringthelongperiodfromthefoundingofnewChinathroughthe1980s,inwhichwaspublishedonlyonemonographentitledMaterialsRegardingtheHistoryofOldChina'sPublicDebt（translatedname）compiledbyQianJiaju.ItwasnotuntilaftertheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeoftheCPCthatscholarsbegantoshowinterestinresearchesintothehistoryofmodemChina'sinternaldebt.Withtheresearchesdeepening,theyhavetendedtoreachobjectiveandfairconclusions.Forexample,JinPusen,whomadeamoreactiveandimpartialjudgmentofthepre-war（1937-1945）10-yearpoliciesregardingtheinternaldebtofthethengovernmentthaneverbefore.Heappraisedthepoliciespositivelywhilepinpointingitsclasslimitations.Fromthe1930son,certainprogresswasmadeinthisregard,whichprovidesagoodfoundationforthefurtherresearchonthistopic.Nevertheless,therehaveeversincebeenquiteafewproblemsandweaknessesthatdeserveattention,mainlyincluding：Firstly,asWuJingpingpointedout,althoughtheinternaldebtispartofthecontentsofallalmosttextbooksonmodemChinesehistoryandcontemporaryChinesehistory,worksontheperiodichistoryoftheRepublicofChina,andothertextbooksandmonographsonthehistoryofeconomy,finance,orbanking,thereisalackofsystematicandspecialresearchesexceptfortheabove-mentionedbookbyQianJiaju.Secondly,thereisatendencyofdoingresearchesoutofcontext.Instead,theyshouldbecarriedoutinthebroadercontext-thethenpolitical,economicandfinancialcontext-accordingtothefundamentalMarxistprinciplesonproductiveforcesandrelationsofproduction,andtheeconomicbaseandthesuperstructure.Weshould,throughpoliticalandeconomiccriticism,judgethenatureanduseoftheinternaldebtandfindoutthedifferentcharacteristicsofmodemChina'sinternaldebtfromthoseofthecapitalistinternaldeb...