专题01被动语态【理论回顾】一、主动语态和被动语态1.英语共有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。二者都是用来说明与之间的逻辑关系。2.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态说明主语是动作的。二、被动语态形式时态主动语态结构被动语态结构一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+done一般过去时didwas/were+done现在进行时am/is/are+doingam/is/are+过去进行时was/were+doingwas/were+一般将来时shall/will+be/doshall/will++done过去将来时would+be/dowould++done现在完成时have/has+donehave/has++done过去完成时had+donehad++done三、主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换Wevisitedthatfactorylastsummer.主动语态主语谓语宾语状语Thatfactorywasvisitedbyuslastsummer.被动语态主语谓语宾语状语四、被动语态条件1.语义的需要：当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态。如：Thefrontwindowintheclassroomwasbrokenyesterday.(不知谁打破的)Theyhavebeenpoorlypaid.他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的)2.强调的需要：突出或强调动作的承受者。如：Thesebooksarewrittenespeciallyforchildren.(“”强调的是这些书)3.交际的需要：为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如：Youarerequestedtomakeaspeechatnextmeeting.请您在下次会议上作个发言。Itissaidthatsheisgoingtobemarriedtoaforeigner.据说她要嫁给一个外国人。五、主动语态变被动语态的注意事项1.主动句中的主语为people,we，you,they“”“”等含糊表示人们、大家的单词，变主动句时，通常删除by，但原主语被强调者除外。2.含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语。但多以间接宾语作主语。【想一想】英语中在哪些情况下会用主动形式表被动含义？【练一练】一、判断主动句与被动句1.Hehasfinishedthework.2.ManyEnglishwordshavebeenlearnedbyher.3.Heoftentellsusinterestingstories.4.Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.二、将以下主动句变为被动句1.PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.2.Webuiltthisbridgelastyear.3.XiaoLiuhasinvitedyoutoalunchparty.4.Youmustnottakethesemagazinesoutofthereading-room.5.Theygavehimamedalforhiswonderfulwork.三、选择题()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened()3.Cotton（棉花）____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.Planted()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone()8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()9.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown()10.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written四、用正确的时态和语态填空1.Nearlyeverybodyhere（know）whentheoldmuseum（build）.2.Thebuildingcan（see）fromeverypartofthecity;It（build）manyyearsago.3.YesterdayTom（tell）methathisbike（break）lastweek.4.Thestudentsoften（tell）totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.5.Nowhe（be）askedifthemeeting（hold）nextFriday.6.Itisknowntoallthatthemoon（turn）roundtheearth.7.MissLioften（use）arecorderinherEnglishclass.Butshe（notuse）ittomorrow.8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits（sell）inthisshop.9.Thepictures（take）byJacktomorrow.10.Thesong（like）byusalltwentyyearsago.【乐一乐】被动语态顺口溜一般现、过用bedone，be有人称、时、数变完成时态havedone，被动将been加中间一般将来shall(will)do，被动变do为bedone将来进行无被动，shall(will)bedoing现在完成进行同，have(has)beendoing现、过进行bedoing,被动be加beingdone情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前一般情助加bedone，双宾多将间宾变复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变
