TheMarketsfor“Lemons”:QualityuncertaintyandTheMarketMechanism柠檬市场:质量的不确定性和市场机制GeogreA
Akerlof阿克洛夫一、引言Thispaperrelatesqualityanduncertainty
Theexistenceofgoodsofmanygradesposesinterestingandimportantproblemsforthetheoryofmarkets
(本文论述的是质量和不确定性问题
现实中存在大量多种档次的物品给市场理论提出了饶有趣味而十分重大的难题)Ontheonehand,theinteractionofqualitydifferencesanduncertaintymayexplainimportantinstitutionsofthelabormarket
(一方面,质量差异和不确定性的相互作用可以解释劳动力的重要机制)Ontheotherhand,thispaperpresentsastrugglingattempttogivestructuretothestatement:”Businessinunder-developedcountriesisdifficult”;inparticular,astructureisgivenfordeterminingtheeconomiccostsofdishonesty
(另一方面,本文试图通过讨论获得这样的结论:在不发达国家,商业交易是困难的,其中,特别论及了欺骗性交易的经济成本)Additionalapplicationsofthetheoryincludecommentsonthestructureofmoneymarkets,onthenotionof”insurability,"ontheliquidityof