CHAPTERONE:EVOLUTIONANDTRENDSARTICLE:TheEvolutionofModernUrbanPlanningIt’sverydifficulttogiveadefinitiontomodernurbanplanning,fromorigintotoday,modernurbanplanningismorelikeanevolvingandchangingprocess,anditwillcontinueevolvingandchanging.Originally,modernurbanplanningwasemergedtoresolvetheproblemsbroughtbyIndustrialRevolution;itwasphysicalandtechnicalwithfocusonland-use.Thenwiththeeconomic,social,politicalandtechnicaldevelopmentforoveronehundredyears,today’scityisacomplexsystemwhichcontainsmanyelementsthatarerelatedtoeachother.Andurbanplanningisnotonlyrequiredtoconcernwiththebuildenvironment,butalsorelatemoretoeconomic,socialandpoliticalconditions.这是非常困难的给予定义，以现代城市规划，从起源到今天，现代城市规划更像是一个不断发展和变化的过程，它会继续发展和变化。本来，现代城市规划的出现，以解决工业革命所带来的问题，它是物理和与土地利用的重点技术。然后，随着经济，社会，政治和技术超过百年的发展今天的城市是一个复杂的系统包含哪些是相互关联的许多内容。而城市规划不仅要关注与构建环境，而且还涉及更多的经济，社会和政治条件。Inhumanhistory,IndustrialRevolutionisalwaysviewedasaturningpointbecauseitbroughttremendouschangestotheworld.Atthebeginning,itwasjustlikeamythbecausemachinecouldproducemanufacturedgoodsmorequicklythanthehumanhand.Followingthat,alargenumberoffactoriesappearedandalargeamountofpeoplelefttheiragriculturelandtothefactories.Thisprocessiscalledindustrialization.Itbroughtwiththerapideconomicgrowth,theexpansionofcityandtheimmigrationofpopulation.Largescalepopulationgrowthincityandwithoutanyplanningcausedmanyproblems,especiallyinthelivingcondition——theindustrialcitiesbecamedrab,polluted,unsafeandunhealthy.在人类历史上，工业革命总是视为一个转折点，因为它带来的巨大变化给世界。一开始，它简直就像一个神话，因为机器可以生产制成品的速度比人的手。随后，大量的工厂出现，大量的人离开了他们的农业土地给工厂。这个过程被称为产业化。它带来了经济的快速增长，城市扩张和人口移民。大规模的城市，没有任何规划人口增长造成了许多问题，特别是在生活条件-工业城市成为单调，污染，不安全和不健康的。Withsocialreformmovement,earlymodernurbanplanningwasconcentratedondealingwiththeproblemsofhousing,sanitationandinfrastructure,andthespreadofcholeraandotherwaterbornediseases.Duringthatperiod,theideaofplanningwastocreateapleasant,self-containedenvironmentprovidingforwork,settlement,andleisure,throughcarefulandexpertdesign.AfamousexampleisHoward’sGardenCity;itplannedabeautifulcity,whichwasdividedintomanydistrictsincludingthecenterofcity,industrialareas,residentialareas,schoolsandgreenbelttoallowpeopletolivetogetherin“harmony，healthandhappiness”.ThetheorycontributedalottothepracticeofearlymodernurbanplanninginEuropean.Inanutshell,thebeginningofmodernurbanplanningwasmorelikeblueprintapproach;itwasseenasessentially“atechnicalprocessofdesignanddrawing,unrelatedinitsoperationtoeconomicorpoliticalprocess”.Alongwiththeurbanization,zoningwasbegun,andhousing,subdivision,andpublichealthcodeswerecreated.随着社会改革运动，早期现代城市规划是集中在与住房，卫生和基础设施，以及霍乱和其它水源性疾病的传播问题的处理。在此期间，规划理念是创造一个愉快的，独立的环境，提供工作，定居，休闲和专家通过精心设计。著名的例子是霍华德的花园城市计划一个美丽的城市，这是为包括城市中心，工业区，住宅区，学校和绿地，让人们生活在了一起很多地区分为“和谐，健康和幸福。”该理论贡献良多早期现代美国城市规划的做法。概括地说，现代城市规划的蓝...
