国际商法(英)复习14、12VIP免费

TheFinalReviewQuestiontypes:SectionI:TrueorFalse.(MarkTforTrue,FforFalseintheblankprovided)(20%)SectionⅡGivebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions.(30%)SectionIII:ReadtheCasecarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.(20%)SectionIV:ReadtheCasecarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.(30%)Content:1.Theestablishmentofthecontract:avalidcontractisanagreementthatcontainsalloftheessentialelementsofacontractwhichare:(1)itisanagreementbetweenthepartiesenteredintobytheirmutualassent;Themutualagreementisreachedthroughthebargainingprocess,betweenoffferorandoffereeuntiltheoffereeacceptedtheoffer.Inotherwords,acontractisn’tformeduntiltheofferisacceptedbytheofferee.(2)thepartiesmusthavelegalcapacity;(3)thecontractmustnotbeforillegalpurposesortocarryonanactivitythatisillegalorcontrarytopublicpolicy.Theabovetellusthatwhichessentialelementsarecontainedbyavalidcontract.Offer:anofferisastatementbyonepartyofawillingnesstoenterintoacontractonstatedterms,providedthatthesetermsare,inturn,acceptedbythepartyorpartiestowhomtheofferisaddressed.AnoffertakeseffectwhenitreachestheoffereeCISG:Aproposalforconcludingacontractaddressedtooneormorespecificpersonsconstitutesanofferifitissufficientlydefiniteandindicatestheintentionoftheofferortobeboundincaseofacceptance.RequirementofOffer:undertheCISGanoffermustbesufficientlydefiniteandindicatestheintentionoftheofferortobebound.(1)thecontractlawofmostnationsholdthatanoffermustbeaddressedtooneormorespecificpersons;(2)Aproposalissufficientlydefiniteifitindicatesthegoodsandexpresslyorimplicitlyfixesormakesprovisionfordeterminingthequantityandtheprice.(3)anofferbecomesvalidwhenitarrivesattheofferee.Thistellsusthatanoffermusthastheconditions.Aninvitationtoofferorinvitationtotreatissimplyanexpressionofwillingnesstoenterintonegotiationswhich,itishoped,willleadtotheconclusionofacontractatalaterdate.Thedistinctionbetweenofferandinvitationtoofferistheintention;thatis,didthemakerofthestatementintendtobeboundbyan1acceptanceofhistermswithoutfurthernegotiationordidheonlyintendhisstatementtobepartofthecontinuingnegotiationprocess.UnderCISGrules,anadvertisementispresumedtobeaninvitationunlessthecontraryisclearlyindictedbythepersonmakingtheproposal.Inanauctionsale,whentheauctioneerinvitesthebidsfromthepublic,isitdeemedasanoffermadetotheprospectivebuyers?oraninvitationtooffer?TheBindingofanOffer:Asageneralrule,anofferisbindingtheofferorandnotbindingontheofferee.CISGstates:(1)untilacontractisconcludedanoffermayberevokediftherevocationreachesoffereebeforehehasdispatchedanacceptance;(2)however,anoffercan’tberevoked:(a)ifitindicates,whetherbystatingafixedtimeforacceptanceorotherwise,thatitisirrevocableor(b)ifitwasreasonableforoffereetorelyontheofferasbeingirrevocableandtheoffereehasactedinrelianceontheoffer.ItisnotcorrectthattheoffershallbecancelbeforetheoffereetoacceptwithoutexceptionundertheCISG.TheabovetoldusthatwhatcircumstancesanoffermayberevokedundertheCISG..Anoffer,evenifitisirrevocable,maybewithdrawn(撤回)ifthewithdrawalreachestheoffereebeforeoratthesametimeastheoffer.要约被撤回;WhatcircumstancesanoffermaybewithdrawnunderCISG?Theaboveansweredthequestion.Anofferdidnottakeeffectbecauseitswithdrawalnoticealreadyreachedtheoffereebeforeitsofferreachofferee,whichwithdreweffectivelyitsoffer.Sotheagreeoftheotherpartyisnottheacceptance.Thereisnocontractualrelationshipbetweenthepartie...