高中英语MODULE 4 Great Scientists--The Analysis of the Difficult Sentences [ty]外研版必修四VIP免费

MODULE4GreatScientistsSection2TheAnalysisoftheDifficultSentencesHethoughttherewasonlyonewaytodothis—bycrossingdifferentspeciesofriceplant,…他认为唯一的办法就是，对不同品种的水稻进行杂交……注意”—dash破折号”后面的内容是对”onlyonewaytodothis”的补充说明。2.Thiswasthebreakthrough.这是突破！“breakthrough”是合成词。合成名词构造法主要有下列八种：①名词+名词，如daybreak,sunrise,house-keeper,shoe-maker,headache,night-club,pocket-knife,arm-chair,wine-glass,ink-stand,man-servant,maid-servant,steamboat,goldsmith,newspaper,lawsuit等。②形容词+名词，如blackboard,commonwealth,highway,stronghold,sweetheart,easy-chair,grandson,blueprint,deadline,high-brow,lazy-bones等。③动词+名词，如drawbridge,grindstone,playground,pickpocket,breakfast,cut-throat,makeshift,sing-song,turn-coat,washbasin等。④副词虚词+名词，如afterthought,offshoot,outbreak,byway,bylaw,outpost,overcoat,underclothes,outgrowth,downpour,upkeep,bystander等。⑤副词虚词+动词，如income,outlet,outlook,onset,outfit,upstart,inlet,offspring,outburst,offset等。⑥动词+副词，如die-hard,breakdown,drawback,set-up,break-up,farewell,standstill,feedback等。⑦名词+动名词，如book-keeping,town-planning,letter-writing,word-building,tiger-hunting,paper-manufacturing,bill-collecting,car-repairing,television-advertising,window-shopping,day-dreaming,photocopying,handwriting等。⑧其他，如man-of-war,forget-me-not,son-in-law,mother-in-law,commander-in-chief,editor-in-chief,merry-go-round,hide-and-seek,stay-at-home,jack-in-the-box等。3.AsaresultofYuanLongping’sdiscoveriesChinesericeproductionroseby47.5percentinthe1990’s.袁隆平的发现使得20世纪90年代的中国水稻产量提高了47.5%。介词by的用法在高考中曾多次出现，本文中主要涉及了两种用法:1)by+动词ing的形式.意为：“通过…，靠…，凭…”。如：bywaiting/practicing/begging/working/imitating等。Hegainedhiswealthbyprintingworksoffamouswriters.(NMET95)他通过印刷著名作家的作品而获得了巨大的财富。Ourbodiesarestrengthenedbytakingexercise.Similarly,ourmindsaredevelopedbylearning.(2000上海)身体是靠锻炼强壮的，同样，大脑是靠学习开发的。2)表升降、增减的程度。如：byone-fifth/20percent/￡3/twofeet等。Withproductionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.(全国2000)产量上升了百分之六十，这家公司今年的业绩极好。Thedemandfororganicfoodisincreasingbyaboutonethirdeveryyear.(全国2002阅读)对绿色食品的需求每年在增长大约三分之一。Theirwageswereincreasedby12%.他们的工资增长12%。Theoutputofsteelwentupby20percent.钢产量增长20％。用心爱心专心Thepriceofcottonwasreducedby20percent.棉花的价格下降了20％。Thelossofwaterhasbeenreducedtolessthan30percent.水的损耗减少到30％以下。高考链接1.Luckily,thebulletnarrowlymissedthecaptain____aninch.（2002上海）A.byB.atC.toD.from2.Thenumberoftheemployeeshasgrownfrom1,000to1,200.Thismeansithasrisen_____20percent.（99上海）A.byB.atC.toD.with3.Thetrainleavesat6:00pm.SoIhavetobeatthestation_____5:40atthelatest.(97NMET)A.untilB.afterC.byD.around4.–Youaresolucky.（2002春）-Whatdoyoumean_____that?A.forB.inC.ofD.by5._____productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.(2000全国)A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through6.In____reviewof44studies,Americanresearchersfoundthatmenandwomenwhoatesixkeyfoodsdailycuttheriskof____heartdiseaseby76%.(2006湖南)A.a;theB.the;aC.a;/D./;a答案：1-6AACDCC解析：1.介词by可以和表示数量的词构成短语，表示尺寸、距离等。2.如果表示增加了或减少了多少,用介词by。如果表示增加或减少(reduce)到多少，用介词to。3.by到……为止，表示“在5:40前我必须到达车站”。4.介词by表示方式，经；由。Whatdoyoumeanbythat?的意思是“你说那个是什么意思？”。5.with因为，由于。由于生产上升了60%，（注意“上升了百分之几”用介词by表示）这家公司又过了一个好年。6.“cuttheriskofheartdiseaseby76%”中的“by”表示“下降了百分之几”。用心爱心专心