医学培训课件 消化管2(咽-肛管-双语版)VIP免费

MouthPharynxEsophagusStomachDuodenumJejunumIleumLargeintestineLiverPancreasMajorsalivaryglandsAlimentarySystemAnus第一页，共四十五页。Pharynx•Generalfeatures–Afibromusculartube,partofdigestiveandrespiratorysystems–Extendsfrombaseofskulltotheinferiorborderofcricoidcartilage(lowerborderofC6level)•Threesegments–Nasopharynx–Oropharynx–Laryngopharynx第二页，共四十五页。PharynxNasopharynx•Position–Posteriortonasalcavities–Extendsfromthebaseofskulltotheleveloffreeborderofpalatinevelum•Features–Pharyngealopeningofauditorytube–Tubaltorus–Pharyngealrecess–Tubaltonsil–Pharyngealtonsil第三页，共四十五页。PharynxOropharynx•Position–Posteriortooralcavity–Extendsfromfreeborderofpalatinevelumtothelevelofupperborderofepiglottis•Features–Medianglossoepiglotticfold–Epiglotticvallecula–Palatinetonsil•Lieswithintonsillarfossa第四页，共四十五页。TonsillitisTonsilinflammation第五页，共四十五页。PharynxLaryngopharynx•Position–Posteriortolarynx–ExtendsfromupperborderofepiglottistotheleveloflowerborderofC6•Piriformrecess–Adeepdepressiononeachsideofapertureoflarynx–commonsideforlodgementofforeignbodies(forexample,fishbones)第六页，共四十五页。PharynxLymphaticringofpharynx•Formingacircularbandoflymphoidtissueatoropharyngealisthmu•Consistsof–Pharyngealtonsil–tubaltonsil–Palatinetonsil–lingualtonsil第七页，共四十五页。Esophagus•Generalfeatures–Amusculartuberabout25cmlong–ConnectingthepharynxatlevelofinferiorborderofvertebraC6–PassesthroughthediaphragmatlevelofvertebraT10–Endsatthecardiaofthestomach,oppositevertebraT11•Division–Cervicalpart:5cm–Thoracicpart:18-22cm–Abdominalpart:1-2cm第八页，共四十五页。Esophagus★Threeconstrictions1.Whereitbeginning,15cmfromincisors,liesatlevelofinferiorborderofC6,isthenarrowestpartoftheesophagus2.Whereitiscrossedbyleftprincipalbronchus,25cmfromincisors,liesatlevelofintervertebraldiscbetweenT4andT5.3.Whereitpiercestheesophagealhiatusofdiaphragm,40cmfromincisors,atlevelofT10第九页，共四十五页。StomachShape•Twosurface:anteriorandposterior•Twocurvatures–Lessercurvatureofstomach•short,concaveanddirectedtotherightandupward•nearitslowerpartisangularincisure–Greatercurvatureofstomach•long,convexanddirectedtotheleftanddownward•atthejunctionofleftmarginofesophagusandgreatercurvatureiscardiacincisure•Twoopenings–Cardia–Pylorus•Twoincisure★第十页，共四十五页。Stomach•Fourparts•Cardiacpart•Fundusofstomach〔cardiacincisure〕•Bodyofstomach〔angularincisure〕•Pyloricpart•Pyloricantrum•Pyloriccanal★第十一页，共四十五页。StomachCardiacpartFundusofstomachBodyofstomachPyloricantrumPyloriccanalPyloricpart第十二页，共四十五页。Location•Mainlypartsissituatedinthelefthypochondriacregion•Smallintheepigastricregion•ThecardiaissituatedtotheleftofT11,thepylorusliestotherightofL1.Stomach第十三页，共四十五页。Structureofstomachwall－consistsoffourusuallayers•Mucousmembrane•Submucous(looseareolartissueconnectingthemucousandmuscularlayer)•Muscularlayercontains:–Innermostobliquefibres–Innercircularfibres•Sphincterofpylorus•Pyloricvalve–Themostsuperficiallongitudinalfibers•Serous(visceralperitoneum)Stomach第十四页，共四十五页。Variationsinpositionofstomach第十五页，共四十五页。Duodenumfirstandwidestpartofsmallintestineextendsfrompylorustoduodenojejunalflexureapproximately25cmlongand4-5cmindiameterC-shapedandmoulde...