AnimalAnatomyLeiZhihaiCollegeofVeterinaryMedicine,NAU4commonintegumentcommonintegumentCommonintegument被皮被皮被皮被皮Thetermcommonintegumentcom-Prehendsordinaryskinwithitscove-RingofhairandvarietyofskinglandsAswellasmorespeciealizedpartssuchasclaws,hoofs,andhorns.4.1skinSkin皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤Itenclosesthebodyandblendwiththemucousmembranesatthevar-iosopeningofthedigestive,respira-tory,urinaryandgenitalsystems.Function:protectionofthebodyagainstmechanical,chemical,phy-sicalandbiologicalfactorswithintheenviroment;receptorsfortheperceptionofpressure,pain,heatandcold;storageandexcretionofwater,electrolytes,vita-minsandfat;thermoregulation;immunologicaldefenceandcommunication.Disease:icterus黄疸黄疸黄疸黄疸,cyanosis发绀发绀发绀发绀,oedema水肿水肿水肿水肿Economicvalue:leathr,fur,wool4.1.1epidermisSkin皮肤皮肤皮肤皮肤Itconsistsof:Epidermis表皮表皮表皮表皮Dermis真皮真皮真皮真皮Subcutaneouslayer皮下组织皮下组织皮下组织皮下组织Epidermis：：：：Itsiformedbyacornified,strati-fiedsquamousepithelium.Basallayer生发层的肌层生发层的肌层生发层的肌层生发层的肌层Prickle-celllayer生发层的棘层生发层的棘层生发层的棘层生发层的棘层Grannularlayer颗粒层颗粒层颗粒层颗粒层Clearlayer透明层透明层透明层透明层（（（（无毛皮肤无毛皮肤无毛皮肤无毛皮肤））））Hornylayer角质层角质层角质层角质层4.1.2dermisDermis真皮真皮真皮真皮Itrepresentstheconnectivetissuestructure.Itisthispartoftheskinthatformsleatherfollowingthetanningprocess,andispartoftheintegumentthatcontribuesmosttoitsthickness.Thethicknessofthedermisvariesindifferentspe-ciesandbodyareas.Papillarylayer:underliestheepidermisandisrichinbloodVesselsandcells.Reticularlayer:isrichincollagenandelasticfibersandpoorincells,andliesdirectlyonthesubcutis.4.1.3subcutisSubcutaneouslayer皮下组织皮下组织皮下组织皮下组织Itisthelooseconnectivetissuelayerbetweentheskinandthesuperficialfascia.Itconsitsoflooseconnectivetissueinterspersedwithwhitefat.Thefatservesasprotectionagainstcold,energyreservoirandpadding.Therearecutaneousmusclewithinthesubcutis.4.2hairshairs毛毛毛毛Itisfeatureoftheskinthatisclass-specificformammals.Inmostspe-cies,thehaircoatisspreadoverthewholebodywiththeexceptionofafewbodyregion.Hairshaft:protrudeabovethesur-faceoftheskin.Hairroot:takeanobliquecoursetoanchorthehairinthedermis.Hairbulb:aproximalenlargementoftherootwithintheepidermisandwhichenclosethedermalpapilla.Therootisembeddedwithinthehairfollicle.Errectormuscleofthehair竖毛肌竖毛肌竖毛肌竖毛肌4.2hairtypesHairtypes毛的种类毛的种类毛的种类毛的种类GuardhairsWoolhairsModificationofguardhairs:Bristle（（（（猪鬃毛猪鬃毛猪鬃毛猪鬃毛））））mane（（（（马鬃毛马鬃毛马鬃毛马鬃毛））））Tailhair:inpig,cattlefetlocktuft（（（（马距毛马距毛马距毛马距毛））））Beardhairs:ingoatHairsoftragus耳屏毛耳屏毛耳屏毛耳屏毛Eyelashes睫毛睫毛睫毛睫毛Tactilehairs触毛触毛触毛触毛Hairstreams毛流毛流毛流毛流Shedding换毛换毛换毛换毛ItisregulatedbythepinealBodyandismainlycondi-tionedbydaylengthandtemperature.Hairfolliclecycle:Anageneticstage:再生期再生期再生期再生期AandECatageneticstage:退化期退化期退化期退化期BandCTelogeneticstage:末期末期末期末期D4.2shedding4.3skinglandSkingland皮肤腺皮肤腺皮肤腺皮肤腺Sebaceousgland皮脂腺皮脂腺皮脂腺皮脂腺Sweatglands汗腺汗腺汗腺汗腺Mammarygland乳腺乳腺乳腺乳腺4.3.1sebaceousglandSebaceousglands皮脂腺皮脂腺皮脂腺皮脂腺Theyaredistributedovertheintegu-mentinassociationwithhairfolliclesintowhi...
