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有毒动植物食物中毒有毒动植物食物中毒河豚鱼中毒Pufferfishpoisoning鱼类组胺中毒Fishhistaminepoisoning麻痹性贝类中毒Paralyticshellfishpoisoning毒蕈中毒Noxiousmushroompoisoning四季豆中毒kidneybeanpoisoningFoodpoisoning2006-4-27Thepufferfishlivesinshallowcoastalwaters,coralreefsandtidallagoonsinthewesternandcentralPacificOcean.Thepufferfishhasroundedfinsandeyesthatprotrudefromitshead.Thepufferfishgetsitsfoodbyusingitspuffer-likebeakliketeeth.Thepufferfishprotectsitselfbypuffingitselfupbytakinggulpsofwaterorairtofillitsstomach.Thismakesthespineonitsbodywhichnormallyliesflatagainstitsskinpuffup.PufferfishpoisoningPufferfishpoisoning河豚鱼中毒河豚鱼中毒FoodpoisoningDistributionandLevelofToxinDistributionandLevelofToxin毒素分布及毒性大小：毒性与季节有关，春季最毒存在于卵巢、肝、脾、肾等脏器及皮肤、血液、眼球等部位。毒性大小：卵巢、肝脏最毒肾、血液次之新鲜洗净的肌肉不含毒死鱼肉或有些品种的鲜鱼肉，螺类，也含有毒素。Foodpoisoning2006-4-27FoodpoisoningTTXisanespeciallypotentneurotoxin,specificallyblockingvoltage-gatedsodiumchannelsonthenervemembranessurface.TheTTX-NaChannelbindingsiteisextremelytight(Kd=10-10nM).PoisoningMechanismPoisoningMechanism中毒机制阻断神经肌肉间的传导外周血管扩张，使血压急剧下降，使神经末梢和中枢神经麻痹。感觉神经运动神经麻痹口腔与胃肠道粘膜吸收呼吸中枢和血管运动中枢麻痹而致死。作用于神经系统EmergencytreatmentEmergencytreatment紧急处置催吐：1%CuSO4洗胃：1/2000~4000KMnO4或1~3%NaHCO3导泻：50%MgSO450ml对症治疗：早期解毒：L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐静脉滴注呼吸困难：洛贝宁、尼可刹米注射肌肉麻痹：士的宁、番木鳖碱保肝解毒：高渗葡萄糖输液Foodpoisoning避免误食中毒开展宣传教育，改变饮食习惯新鲜河豚鱼统一收购→去头、皮、内脏→鱼干河豚鱼鱼干经鉴定后食用禁止食用新鲜河豚鱼Preventivemeasures预防措施Foodpoisoning常见的河豚鱼Foodpoisoning家庭自制河豚鱼要不得河豚鱼集中处理河豚鱼集中处理中毒后立即接受治疗中毒后立即接受治疗严防河豚鱼混入市场严防河豚鱼混入市场Foodpoisoning青干金枪鱼鲐蓝点马鲛2006-4-27Foodpoisoning12（（11）胃肠毒型：）胃肠毒型：毒蕈：黑伞属和乳菇属某些蕈种毒素：类树脂物质机理：刺激胃肠道症状：剧烈腹泻，水样便，阵发性腹痛治疗：对症治疗2006-4-27Foodpoisioning13毒红菇Russulaemetica红菇（无毒）Russulalepida窝边黄乳菇窝边黄乳菇LactariusscrobiculatsLactariusscrobiculats胃肠毒型毒蕈Foodpoisoning2006-4-27Foodpoisoning14毒蕈毒素：毒蝇碱（muscarin）：毒蝇伞、丝盖伞属等蜡子树酸（ibotenicacid）类：毒伞属光盖伞素(psilocybin)类：裸盖菇属、花褶伞属幻觉原（hallucinogens）：桔黄裸伞蕈症状：副交感神经兴奋症状流涎、流泪、大量出汗、瞳孔缩小、脉缓等,并可伴有胃肠道症状。重症患者精神错乱，胡言乱语，幻视、幻听、狂笑、手舞足蹈治疗：阿托品（（22）神经、精神型）神经、精神型神经、精神毒型神经、精神毒型毒蕈毒蕈2006-4-2715毒蝇伞：毒蝇碱毒蝇伞：毒蝇碱AmanitamuscariaAmanitamuscaria桔黄裸伞：幻觉原桔黄裸伞：幻觉原GymnopilusspectabilisGymnopilusspectabilis花褶伞花褶伞：光盖伞素：光盖伞素PanaeolusretirugisPanaeolusretirugisFoodpoisoning2006-4-27Foodpoisoning16鹿花菌：鹿花蕈素鹿花菌：鹿花蕈素GyromitraesculentaGyromitraesculenta（（33）溶血型）溶血型鹿花菌：鹿花蕈素鹿花菌：鹿花蕈素毒蕈：鹿花蕈毒素：鹿花蕈素（gyromitrin）甲基联胺类化合物溶于热水，具挥发性机理：溶血毒素症状：以恶心、呕吐、腹泻等胃肠道症状为主，溶血性黄疸、肝脾肿大、血红蛋白尿等治疗：肾上腺皮质激素（（44）脏器损害型）脏器损害型毒蕈：毒伞属、褐磷小伞属、秋生盔孢伞毒素：毒肽类（phallotoxins）与毒伞肽类(amanitoxins），为细胞...