主要致病性真菌VIP专享VIP免费

11主要致病性真菌浅部真菌感染（致病性真菌感染和条件致病性真菌感染）深部真菌感染（致病性真菌感染和条件致病性真菌感染）22浅部感染真菌浅部感染真菌表面感染真菌表面感染真菌皮肤癣真菌皮肤癣真菌皮下组织真菌感染皮下组织真菌感染3344表面感染真菌表面感染真菌位置：寄居于人体皮肤和毛干的最表层。位置：寄居于人体皮肤和毛干的最表层。因不接触组织细胞，很少引起宿主细胞反因不接触组织细胞，很少引起宿主细胞反应应统称：角层癣菌统称：角层癣菌代表：秕糠马拉癣菌代表：秕糠马拉癣菌((MalasseziaMalasseziafurfur)furfur)症状：症状：由于此菌能产生对黑色素细胞有抑由于此菌能产生对黑色素细胞有抑制作用的二羧酸，使花斑癣局部色素减退，制作用的二羧酸，使花斑癣局部色素减退，如汗渍斑点，俗称汗斑。如汗渍斑点，俗称汗斑。诱发因素为高温多汗诱发因素为高温多汗55MalasseziaMalasseziafurfurfurfurTineaversicoloronskinsurface(sweatTineaversicoloronskinsurface(sweatstain)stain)ThelesionsaresmallhypopigmentedorThelesionsaresmallhypopigmentedorhyperpigmentedmaculeshyperpigmentedmaculesMostcommonsite:Mostcommonsite:back,underarm,upperaback,underarm,upperarm,chest,neckrm,chest,neckMostcommoninadolescentandyoungadMostcommoninadolescentandyoungadultmalesultmalesAssociatedwithincreasedsweatingAssociatedwithincreasedsweating66PityriasisversicolorshowinghyperpigmentedlesionsinaCaucasianandhyphopigmentedlesionsinanAustralianAborigine77CultureofMalasseziafurfuronDixon'sagar(containsglycerolmono-oleate)88PiedraiahortaePiedraiahortae((何德毛结节何德毛结节菌菌))ItusuallyaffectedthescalphairItusuallyaffectedthescalphairThenodulesaredarkerincolor,Thenodulesaredarkerincolor,harder,andmorefirmlyattachedtoharder,andmorefirmlyattachedtothehairsthehairsBlackPiedraBlackPiedra99Piedraiahortaeformsahardsuperficialpigmentednodulearoundthehairshaft(在毛干上形成硬的黑色结节，如沙粒状)1010FungalotitisexternaFungalotitisexternaFungalinfectionoftheexternalFungalinfectionoftheexternalauditorycanalauditorycanalCausedbyseveralspeciesofCausedbyseveralspeciesofAspergillusAspergillus(mostoften(mostoftenA.nigerA.niger)),,butbutCandidaalbicansCandidaalbicansisalsocapableofisalsocapableofinfectingthissiteinfectingthissiteThemajorsymptomsareitchingandThemajorsymptomsareitchingandfeelingoffullnessinearfeelingoffullnessinear11111212皮肤癣真菌皮肤癣真菌引起皮肤浅部感染引起皮肤浅部感染皮肤癣是人类最多见的真菌病皮肤癣是人类最多见的真菌病统称：皮肤癣菌，大约统称：皮肤癣菌，大约4040多个种，分属于多个种，分属于33个属个属嗜角质蛋白，嗜角质蛋白，3737℃℃不能生长不能生长，，侵犯部位：侵犯部位：角化的表皮，毛发，指（趾）甲角化的表皮，毛发，指（趾）甲病理变化：由真菌增殖及代谢产物刺激宿病理变化：由真菌增殖及代谢产物刺激宿主引起主引起1313致病性致病性指（趾）甲指（趾）甲皮肤毛发皮肤毛发毛癣菌属毛癣菌属++++++表皮癣菌属表皮癣菌属++++--小孢子癣菌属小孢子癣菌属-+-+++一种皮肤癣菌可在不同部位引起病变相同部位的病变也可由不同的皮肤癣菌引起14141515TineapediscausedbyT.rubrum.Sub-clinicalinfection(left)showingmildmacerationunderthelittletoeandmoresevereinfection(right)showingextensivemacerationofalltoewebspacesTineaistransmittedviathefeetbydesquamatedskinscalesinsubstrateslikecarpetandmatting.1616手足癣－治疗原则手足癣－治疗原则水疱型－温和搽剂和霜剂水疱型－温和搽剂和霜剂角化过度型－先角质剥脱剂，再用抗真角化过度型－先角质剥脱剂，再用抗真菌霜剂菌霜剂浸渍糜烂型－粉剂收干，抗继发感染，浸渍糜烂型－粉剂收干，抗继发感染，再温和抗真菌再温和...