GastrointestinaltractGastrointestinaltract胃肠道胃肠道AccessoryorgansAccessoryorgans辅助器官(Para.1)TheorganizationofTheorganizationofthegastrointestinalthegastrointestinaltracttractWhatarethefourlayers?Whatarethefourlayers?(Concentriclayers)(Concentriclayers)SublayersSublayersIntrinsicnerves(Intrinsicnerves(内神经内神经))Thegastrointestinaltract胃肠道Thesubmucosalplexus(Meissnerplexus)黏膜下层神经丛（即迈斯纳神经丛）Themyentericplexus(Auerbachplexus)肠肌神经丛（即奥尔巴赫神经丛)Thesubserosalplexus浆膜下神经网丛Whatarethethreenerveplexuses?唾液salivasaliva味蕾tastebudstastebuds嗅神经olfactorynervesolfactorynerves胃液的分泌thesecretionofgastricjuicethesecretionofgastricjuice恒牙permanentteethpermanentteeth咀嚼masticationmastication食管esophagusesophagus蠕动peristalsisperistalsis外层纵向肌outerlongitudinallayersofmusclesouterlongitudinallayersofmuscles内层环形肌innercircularlayersofmusclesinnercircularlayersofmusclesMouthandEsophagus口腔和食道1.Threepairsofsalivaryglands1.Threepairsofsalivaryglands1literofsalivaperday1literofsalivaperdaysalivation唾液分泌1.Threepairsofsalivaryglands1.Threepairsofsalivaryglands1literofsalivaperday1literofsalivaperday2.Autonomicnervoussystem2.Autonomicnervoussystem((自主神经系统自主神经系统))controlssalivation.controlssalivation.(sympatheticandparasympathetic)(sympatheticandparasympathetic)(Butnotregulatedbyhormones)(Butnotregulatedbyhormones)salivation唾液分泌食糜chymechyme十二指肠duodenumduodenumThestomach’smajoranatomicbounThestomach’smajoranatomicboundaries:daries:食管括约肌贲门食管括约肌贲门胃大胃大弯和胃小弯和胃小弯弯幽门括约肌幽门括约肌十二十二指肠指肠WhatarethefunctionalareasoftheWhatarethefunctionalareasofthestomach?stomach?fundus,body,antrumfundus,body,antrumStomach胃胃壁stomachwallstomachwall斜肌层alayerofobliquemusclealayerofobliquemuscle中环层和外纵层在胃底最薄ThecircularThecircularandandlongitudinallayersoflongitudinallayersofmusclemusclearethinnestinthearethinnestinthefundusfundus.胃体和胃窦逐渐变厚ThelayersbecomeprogressivelythickeThelayersbecomeprogressivelythickerinthebodyandrinthebodyandantrumantrum..胃粘膜themucosaofthestomachthemucosaofthestomachStomach胃1.血液通过腹腔一支动脉输入胃中BloodissuppliedtothestomachbyBloodissuppliedtothestomachbyababranchoftheceliacartery.ranchoftheceliacartery.2.主动脉沿胃大弯和胃小弯分布MajorarteriesliealongMajorarteriesliealongthegreaterandthegreaterandlessercurvatures.lessercurvatures.3.分叉深入浆膜和肌层branchandpenetratebranchandpenetratetheserosatheserosaandandmmusclelayersusclelayers4.形成丰富的侧支循环formarichformarichcollateralcirculationcollateralcirculationStomach胃CardiovascularSystem:MajorVessels1.renalartery肾动脉2.vertebralartery脊椎动脉3.subclavianartery锁骨下动脉4.aorta主动脉5.coronaryartery冠状动脉6.celiacartery腹腔动脉7.superiormesentericartery肠系膜上动脉8.lumbarartery腰动脉9.inferiormesentericartery肠系膜下动脉10.gonadalartery生殖腺动脉1.renalartery肾动脉2.vertebralartery脊椎动脉3.subclavianartery锁骨下动脉4.aorta主动脉5.coronaryartery冠状动脉6.celiacartery腹腔动脉7.superiormesentericartery肠系膜上动8.lumbarartery腰动脉9.inferiormesentericartery肠系膜下动10.gonadalartery生殖腺动脉ArichcirculationstomachliverGastricVeinSplenicVein静止状态下没有壁张力Inrestingstate,noInrestingstate,nowalltensionwalltension..吞咽动作致使底部松弛SwallowingcausesSwallowingcausesthefundust...
