母猪的营养-Frank-Aherne博士VIP专享VIP免费

NutritionoftheSow母猪的营养美国大豆协会中国办事处畜禽技术主任PhilipMcKinnon,Ph.DLivestockTechnicalDirectorASAChina美国大豆协会FrankAherne博士讲稿改编AdaptedfromDr.FrankAherneASAConsultant母猪的饲喂FeedingSows确定母猪饲喂水平和营养需要的根据是：Thefeedinglevelsandnutrientrequirementsofsowsshouldbedeterminedby:妊娠期：母猪体重和目标增重InGestation:sowweight+targetweightgain泌乳期：母猪体重和泌乳量InLactation:sowweight+milkyield数据越全面，母猪能量和营养需要量就确定得越准确Themoredataavailable,thebettertheestimateofthesows’energyandnutrientrequirements.Asuggestedfeedingprogramforreplacementgiltsto115kgliveweight后备母猪到115千克体重的饲喂方案2.46Avg平均3.25.50.60.6514.02.9090-1153.25.55.65.7515.52.7575-903.25.65.75.8517.02.550-753.25.7.801.0519.51.725-50McalDE/kg消化能(千卡/千克)Phosphorus磷Calcium钙Lysine赖氨酸Protein蛋白质Feed/d(kg)日采食(千克)Wt.(kg)体重(千克)Commontargetsforreplacementgilts后备母猪通常的体况标准Giltsselectedonfarmat145–155daysweight95to105kg11to13mmP2backfat小母猪到达繁殖猪场时应为145-155日龄,届时体重应为95-105千克，P2背膘厚应为11-13毫米Forgiltsyoungerthan145daysofageand/orwithlessthan14mmP2backfatat110to115kg(finalselection)对于145日龄时体重小于110-115千克体重或背膘厚小于14毫米的小母猪(最后选育时)Feedafatenhancingdietuntilthegiltshave16t017mmP2应饲喂脂肪强化日粮直到P2背膘厚达到16-17毫米GiltDiets-Afterselection(115kgtoservice)选择后的小母猪日粮(115千克体重到配种).75.70Phosphorus(%)磷(%).85.80Calcium(%)钙(%).55.65Lysine(%)赖氨酸(%)13.514.5Protein(%)蛋白质(%)3.453.25McalDE/kg消化能(千卡/千克)<14mm>14mmBackfat(P2)P2背膘厚FatEnhancing脂肪强化日粮GiltDeveloper发育期日粮Theeffectsofageatbreedingonlongevityandperformance2357records,L42PICsows(AlbertaPigCompany2000)PIC42系母猪,2357份记录2313039490782083#animals母猪头数2.83.33.64.04.04.0Removedparity淘汰时已产窝数34.037.841.244.843.341.5Totalliveborn/lifetime终生活产仔数12.011.5311.3510.9510.8210.25Totalliveborn/litter终生平均窝产活仔数82.546.6453528.825.7Entrytoconception(d)入群至受胎天数296268238209183158Aveserviceage(d)平均首配日龄217215197176160141Entryage(d)入群日龄286-350255-285226-255196-225166-195135-165Rangeinserviceage(d)首配日龄范围首配日龄对利用年限和性能的影响Holderetal.1995.175939%farrowing5litters产5胎比例.028.120.8WSI断奶至配种天数NS8.58.5#Weaned窝断奶仔数NS14.314.1Ovulationrate排卵率.04144158Ageatpuberty(d)初情日龄PEarly早成熟Control对照Performanceofearlyandlatematuringgilts早成熟和晚成熟小母猪的性能Whentobreed??何时配种??•Ourrecommendation我们的建议–Preferredage/weightatbreeding配种时适宜的日龄和体重•>190days大于190日龄•120to130kg体重120-130千克•16to18mmP2backfatP2背膘厚16-18毫米•secondestrus第二情期PerformanceGoals性能目标40Annualreplacementrate%年更新率5Lifetimelitters一生所产窝数10.8Firstlittersize(totalborn)头胎窝产仔数(总数)90%cyclingwithin28dofentry入群后28天内开始发情的比例200–230dMeanageatfirstmating首配平均日龄170–180dMeanageatpuberty初情平均日龄150–160dAgeatstartofpubertystimulation开始初情诱导时的日龄妊娠期Gestation1010.210.410.610.81111.211.411.611.81212345678910Weantoservice(d)Numberbornalive6065707580859095100Farrowingrate(%)断奶到配种间隔天数窝产活仔数分娩率(%)目标是，各胎次母猪分娩时的P2背膘厚都应为18-20毫米(用超声波背膘测试仪检测)Aimfor18-20mmP2backfatforallparitysowsatfarrowing,measuredwithultrasonicbackfattester.妊娠期采食量对母猪生产率的影响母猪体增重(千...