27阅读理解（三）【教学目标】让学生熟知选择型阅读理解题型，了解选择型阅读理解命题目的，掌握选择型阅读理解答题技巧。【教学重点难点】让学生掌握选择型阅读理解解题技巧和步骤，提高做选择型阅读理解题目的能力。【命题目的】这类题注重考查阅读技能，包括理解短文大意、了解具体细节、通过上下文猜测词义、归纳篇章大意，以及推断或理解的态度和意图等。考生不仅要具有准确获得信息的能力，还要具有透过文章表层意思理解文章隐含意义的能力。这样才能抓住中心思想，做出正确的判断。试题涉及掌握语篇主旨，事实细节、深层含义、推理判断、猜测词义等多方面的阅读能力考查。设题通常考虑以下五个方面。1.直观性问题。直接引用原文中的语句或根据短文中原语句稍加改动而编成。2.常识性问题。考查学生依据短文信息，并根据自己所具备的一般常识做出判断的题型．3.理解性问题。考查学生对文章的中心思想，某段的段落大意，某一事实的细节及意图等的理解程度。4.推理性问题。这类题需在深刻理解短文后，再经过推理判断才能选出正确答案。5.概括性问题。要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题思想，标题或目的。【真题例析】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。InEnglandrecentlythreeforeigngentlemencametoabusstopandwaited.Aboutfiveminuteslater,thebustheywantedcamealong.Theywerejustgoingtogetonwhensuddenlytherewasaloudnoisebehindthem.Peoplerushedontothebusandtriedtopushthemoutoftheway.Someoneshoutedatthem.Thebusconductorcamerushingdownthestairstoseewhatallthetroublewasabout.Thethreeforeignersseemallatseaandlookedembarrassed.NoonehadtoldthemabouttheBritishcustomofliningupforabusthatthefirstpersonwhoarrivesatthebusstopisthefirstpersontogetonthebus.Learningthelanguageofacountryisn'tenough.Ifyouwanttohaveapleasantvisit,findoutasmuchaspossibleaboutthemannersandcustomsofyourhostcountry.Youwillprobablybesurprisedjusthowdifferenttheycanbefromyourown.AvisitortoIndiawoulddowelltorememberthatpeoplethereconsideritimpolitetousethelefthandforpassingfoodattable.Thelefthandissupposedtobeusedforwashingyourself.AlsoinIndia,youmightseeamanshakinghisheadatanothertoshowthathedoesn'tagree.ButinmanypartsofIndiaashakeoftheheadmeansagreement.Nodding(点头)yourheadwhenyouaregivenadrinkinBulgariawillmostprobablyleaveyouthirsty.Inthatcountry,youshakeyourheadtomean“yes”—anodmeans“no”.AtamealincountriesontheArabicPeninsula,youwillfindthatyourglassisrepeatedrefilledassoonasyoudrinkup.Ifyouthinkthatyouhavehadenough,youshouldtakethecuporglassesinyourhandandgiveitalittleshakefromsidetosideorplaceyourhandoverthetop.InEuropeitisquiteusualtocrossyourlegswhenyouaresittingtalkingtosomeoneevenatanimportantmeeting.DoingthisinThailand,however,couldbringabouttrouble.Also,youshouldtrytoavoidtouchingtheheadofanadult——it’sjustnotdoneinThailand.()1.TheBritishpeopletriedtopushthethreegentlemenoutoftheway,becausethegentlemen______.A.wereforeignersB.didn’thaveticketsC.madealoudnoiseD.didn’tlineupforthebus()2.Accordingtothearticle,ifyouwanttohaveapleasantjourneyinaforeigncountry,youshould_________.A.learnthelanguageofthecountryB.understandthemannersandcustomsofthecountryC.haveenoughtimeandmoneyD.makefriendswiththepeoplethere()3.InIndiaitisconsideredimpolite___________.A.tousetherighthandforpassingfoodattableB.topassfoodwiththelefthandC.toeatfoodwithyourhandsD.tohelpyourselfattable()4.Tocrossone'slegsatanimportantmeetinginEuropeis_______.A.acommonhabitB.animportantmannerC.aserioustroubleD.abadmanner...
