现在完成时教学内容一、知识结构(5分钟)二、典例精讲（20分钟）知识点一重点单词:1.litterv.乱扔n.垃圾11.industryn.工业2.bottomn.底部12.lawn.法律3.coaln.煤13.affordv.承担得起4.uglyadj.丑陋的14.recyclev.回收利用5.costv.花费n.花费15.gaten.大门6.woodenadj.木制的(woodn.木材)16.bottlen.瓶子7.plasticadj.塑料的n.塑料17.presidentn.负责人8.methodn.方法18.workn.作品9.crueladj.残酷的19.metaln.金属10.harmfuladj.有害的(harmn.害处)重点短语:1.makeadifference起作用；有影响8.cutoff切除2.takepartin参加9.throwaway扔掉3.turnoff关掉10.putsth.togooduse好好利用4.payfor付费；付出代价11.put…down拆下5.cutdown减少12.upsidedown上下颠倒6.leadto导致13.bringback恢复7.hearof听说知识点二近义词辨析1.与“花费”有关，但用法上有区别。（1）coststh.costs(sb.)+money（2）spend1）.spend+time/moneyonsth.2）.spend+time/money(in)doingsth.（3）takeIttakes(sb.)time+todosth.（4）paypay(sb.)+moneyforsth.2.takepartin/join/joinin/attend这些动词或词组均含“参加，加入”之意。takepartin常指参加大型比赛或活动。join特指加入党派、团体等；joinsb.in(doing)sth.指“和某人一起做某事”。joinin多指参加小规模的活动，如：球赛、游戏等。attend侧重参加或出席会议、学术活动、音乐会、上课等等，着重强调成为其中的听众或观众。3.turn词组Turnon打开turnoff关上turnup把„„调高turndown把„„调低turnout原来是，结果是turnout(tobe)+adj./nturnaround转身turnback返回turnto翻到„„求助于„„turninto将„„转变为„„；译成„„turnover翻转4.affordtodosth.：买得起……，足够支付……beharmfulto：对……有害Stayingupoftenisharmfultoyourhealth.(1).harm：n.害处(2).doharmto：对……有害5.atthetopof：在……顶端Therewasnotenoughoxygenatthetopofthemountain.反义词atthebottomof：在……的底端6.takeaction：采取行动Thepolicehadtotakeactiontodealwiththeriots.骚乱7.throwaway扔掉、错过机会等Manypeoplethrowawaycigaretteendscarelessly.拓展：（1）.throwat：扔向……（2）.throwabout：到处扔8.putsth.togooduse：好好利用某物Ifyoufocusyourmindonthetask,yourtalentscanbeputtogooduse.9.pull…down：拆毁Theyaregoingtopulldowntheoldbuildingandreplaceitwithanewshoppingmall.10.upsidedown：上下颠倒Thelid,turnedupsidedown,servedasacoffeetable.那个盖子被反过来当作咖啡桌。11.bringback：归还；使想起Yourarticlebroughtbacksadmemoriesforme.你的文章使我想起了伤心的往事。拓展：bring词组(1).bringup：抚养长大(2).bringin：引进(3).bringforward：提出(4).bringabout：带来，造成12一词多义：workn.工作；（音乐、艺术）作品；工厂v.工作Hehasmuchworktodo.拓展：英语中有些名词，单复数形式意义有差别。manner方式，方法manners礼貌，礼仪arm胳膊arms武器water水waters海水，水域wood木头woods森林三、巩固训练（10分钟）1.Theriverusedtobeclean,butnowthe(底部）oftheriveris(充满着）ofr(垃圾）.2.Peopleare(乱扔）intheriverandfactoriesare(倒入）wastewaterintotheriver.That’swhytheriverbecomesdirtieranddirtier.Asaresult,thereisnomorefishfor(渔民）tocatch.3.Alotof(工业的）wastewatercomesfromthefactories.4.Peopleusealargenumberof(塑料）bagseveryday.Peopleare(乱扔）thosebagseverywhere.Thisturnsthebeautifulcitiesintouones.What’sworse,theyalsopollutetheearth.5.Thefactoriesthatburn(煤)pollutetheairwithalotofblacksmoke.Theair(污染）isgettingworseandworse.答案：1.bottom;full;rubbish2.littering;pouring;fishermen3.industrial4.plastic;throwing;ugly5.coal;pollution四、小结回顾（5分钟）本单元重点单词及词组一、知识结构（5分钟）6.Atpresent,planesarewidelyusedinourdailylife,which,however,makesalotof(噪音）.7.Manyanimalsareendangeredbecauseofthe(残酷的〉overh...
