Lecture 2 English vs. ChineseVIP专享VIP免费

Lecture2Englishvs.ChineseIntroductionareflectionofculturaldifferencesEnglishandChinesebelongtotwodistinctlanguagefamilies:English―theIndo-EuropeanfamilyChinese―theSino-TibetanfamilyFarmoredifferencesthansimilarities:#Similarities:synthetic-analyticlanguage(English)analyticlanguage(Chinese)#Differences:reflectedatthreelevels(lexical,syntactic,textual)DifferencesattheWordLevel(1)Inflectional(English)vs.Non-inflectional(Chinese)Englishnouns/pronouns:gender,number,case,etc.Englishverbs:tense,aspect,voice,mood,etc.e.g.Wehopedthatyouwouldcome.Wewerehopingthatyouwouldcome.e.g.Ithasbeennotedthatthosewholive,orhavelived,intheshadowofdeathbringamellowsweetnesstoeverythingtheydo.A:大家看到凡是起死回生的人或者幸免一死的人，他们对所做的任何事情，总是兴趣盎然。B:人们已经注意到大凡受到死亡威胁的人或是死里逃生的人对于他们做干的事情总是兴趣盎然。DifferencesattheWordLevel(1)TranslationofPluralEnglishNounsPluralconceptEnglish:inflectionChinese:words1)Omittingthepluralmeaning2)Supplyingadditionalwords(esp.numeralsandunitwords)e.g.Hestretchedhislegswhichwerescatteredwithscars.他伸出双腿，露出腿上的道道伤疤。e.g.Thelionisthekingofanimals.狮子是百兽之王。e.g.NewsmenwentflyingofftoMexico.记者纷纷飞到墨西哥去了。DifferencesattheWordLevel(2)HeavyUseofPronouns(English)→Brevitye.g.Theshopmanoffersyouathirdapple;but,beforebitingit,youexamineit,andfindthatitishardandgreen,andyouimmediatelysaythatyouwillnothaveit,asitmustbesour.Nominalization&Word-Building(English)#Englishhasagreaterpowerofword-buildingthanChinesewiththehelpofitsaffixes.(e.g.deinstitutionalization)#Englishhasapreponderanceofnouns(esp.abstractn.)oververbswhileChinesereliesheavilyonverbs.e.g.Hisacceptanceofbribesledtohisarrest.他因受贿而被捕。e.g.Thatwouldbetheconfirmationthatitwasingeneraluse.这将证实它的使用是十分普遍的。DifferencesattheWordLevel(3)DifferentTypesofFunctionWords#English:articles,prepositions,auxiliaryverbs,connectives#Chinese:particles,propositions,andconnectivesWordMeaning:Moreflexible,morecontext-dependent(English)EnglishwordsgenerallyhaveawidersemanticscopethanChinesecharactersdo,sotheyaremoredependentonthecontextfortheirexactmeaningandspecificuse.Inaddition,alotofEnglishwordsarepolysemantic.Andtheyareusedmoreintheirconnotativesensethanintheirdenotativemeaning.e.g.deathDifferencesattheWordLevel(4)PredominanceofDisyllables&Quadrisyllables(Chinese)e.g.Sheiseighteenandbeautiful.e.g.Chinaisavastcountrywithrichnaturalresourcesandalargepopulation.e.g.当风和日丽时，举目远望，佘山、金山、崇明岛隐隐可见。Onafineday,onecanevenseeMountSheshan,MountJinshanandChongmingIslandinthedistance,thoughnotveryclearly.DifferenceattheSentenceLevel(1)Hypotaxis(English)vs.Parataxis(Chinese)overtcohesioncovertcoherencecohesiveties,esp.connectivestemporalorlogicalsequencesan“architecturestyle”oflonga“chroniclestyle”ofshortororsubordinatestructurescompositestructurese.g.WhenItrytounderstandwhatitisthatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect,itseemstomethattherearetwocauses,ofwhichonegoesmuchdeeperthantheother.为什么如此众多的美国人不能如想象中那样幸福呢？我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有深浅之分。DifferenceattheSentenceLevel(2)#Translationtechniques:DivideEnglishcomplexsentencesintoChinesesimplexsentencesinE-Ctranslation.CombineChinesesimplexsentencestogetherintoEnglishcomplexsentencesinC-Etranslation.Inan...