耳鼻咽喉科医学英语术语表（GlossaryofOtolaryngology）A[returntotop]acousticneuroma听神经瘤-atumor,usuallybenign,whichdevelopsonthehearingandbalancenervesandcancausegradualhearingloss,tinnitus,anddizziness.acquireddeafness-lossofhearingthatoccursordevelopsoverthecourseofalifetime;deafnessnotpresentatbirth.aguesia-lossofthesenseoftaste.Alport’ssyndrome-Ahereditaryconditioncharacterizedbykidneydisease,sensorineuralhearingloss,andsomedifficultieswitheyedefects.AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)-Manual(hand)languagewithitsownsyntaxandgrammarusedprimarilybypeoplewhoarehardofhearing.anosmia-absenceofthesenseofsmell.aphasia-totalorpartiallossofabilitytouseorunderstandlanguage;usuallycausedbystroke,braindisease,orinjury.aphonia-completelossofvoice.apraxia-inabilitytomakeavoluntarymovementinspiteofbeingabletodemonstratenormalmusclefunction.articulationdisorder-inabilitytocorrectlyproducespeechsounds(phonemes)becauseofimpreciseplacement,timing,pressure,speed,orflowofmovementofthelips,tongue,orthroat.assistivedevices-technicaltoolsanddevicessuchasalphabetboards,texttelephones,ortext-to-speechconversionsoftwareusedtoassistpeoplewithphysicaloremotionaldisordersinperformingcertainactions,tasks,andactivities.audiologist-ahealthcareprofessionaltrainedtoidentifyandmeasurehearingimpairmentsandrelateddisordersusingavarietyoftestsandprocedures.auditorybrainstemresponse(ABR)test-testusedforhearingininfantsandyoungchildren,ortotestforbrainfunctioninginunresponsivepatients.auditorynerve-eighthcranialnervethatconnectstheinnereartothebrainstem.auditoryperception-abilitytoidentify,interpret,andattachmeaningtosound.auditoryprosthesis-devicethatsubstitutesorenhancestheabilitytohear.augmentativedevices-toolsthathelpindividualswithlimitedorabsentspeechtocommunicate.auralrehabilitation-techniquesusedwithpeoplewhoarehearingimpairedtoimproveabilitytospeakandtocommunicate.autoimmunedeafness-hearinglossinanindividualthatmaybeassociatedwithatissue-causingdisease,suchasrheumatoidarthritisorlupus.autism-braindisorderthatbeginsinearlychildhoodandpersiststhroughoutadulthood;affectsthreecrucialareasofdevelopment:communication,socialinteraction,andcreativeorimaginativeplay.B[returntotop]balance-biologicalsystemthatenablesindividualstoknowwheretheirbodiesareintheenvironmentandtomaintainadesiredposition;normalbalancedependsoninformationfromthelabyrinthintheinnerear,andfromothersensessuchassightandtouch,aswellasfrommusclemovement.balancedisorder-disruptioninthelabyrinth,theinnerearorganthatcontrolsthebalancesystemallowingindividualstoknowwheretheirbodiesareintheenvironment.barotrauma-injurytothemiddleearcausedbyachangeinairpressure.benignparoxysmalpositionalvertigo(BPPV)-balancedisorderthatresultsinasuddenonsetofdizziness,spinning,orvertigothatoccurswhensuddenlymovingtheheadfromonepositiontoanother.brainstemimplant-auditoryprosthesisthatbypassesthecochleaandauditorynervetohelpindividualswhocannotbenefitfromacochlearimplantbecausetheauditorynervesarenotworking.C[returntotop]captioning-textdisplayofspokenwordspresentedonatelevisionoramoviescreenthatallowsadeaforhard-of-hearingviewertofollowthedialogueandtheactionofaprogramsimultaneously.centralauditoryprocessingdisorder-inabilityofindividualswithnormalhearingandintelligencetodifferentiate,recognize,orunderstandsounds.chemosensorydisorders-disordersordiseasesofsmellortaste.cho...
