2019高考英语阅读理解家庭、社会生活含解析VIP专享VIP免费

1（家庭、社会生活）李仕才导读：妈妈总是告诉我们如果我们在暗处看书会弄坏眼睛。这种说法有科学依据吗？SomefactsaboutvisionscienceMomalwaystolduswe'dgoblindifwereadinthedark.Doesscience①backherup?JimSheedy,adoctorofvisionscienceanddirectoroftheVisionPerformanceInstituteatOregon'sPacificUniversity,setshissightsonthetruth.DarkMatterTurnsout,ourparentswerewrong.“②Thereisnoreasontobelievenorevidencetosupportthatanylong-termdamagetotheeyesorchangeinthephysiologytotheeyescanbecausedbyreadinginthedark,”Dr.Sheedysays.Thatisnottosaythatnocturnalpage-turningwon'tleadtodiscomfortorfatigue.Thelackoflightwillcausethepupilstodilate,③resultinginasmallerdepthoffield—thedistancebetweenthenearestandfarthestobjectthattheeyeconsiderstobeinfocus.Dr.Sheedysaystheaddedefforttochangefocusandtheefforttochangetheangleofthelinesofsightbetweenthetwoeyeswilllikelymakeyoureyesfeeltiredandyourbodyspent.But,ofcourse,that'softentheobjectofreadingunderthecovers.SeeingClearlyDr.Sheedysaysheassureshisstudentsthatthereisn'tenoughevidencetoarguethatwhatyoudowithyoureyesleadstomyopia.'Thepredominantdeterminantofmyopiaisgenetics.'Nolinktolong-termdamagehaseverbeenconclusivelyshown,saysDr.Sheedy.'It'sanoldtale,aployusedbymomstogetkidstogotosleepwhentheywantedthemto,'hesays.ElectronicAgeReadingonatabletdevicewon'tdamageyoureyes,Dr.Sheedysays.Histeamhasstudiedvariousfonts,computerdisplaysandpixelresolutions,andfoundthedifferenceineffectontheeyebetweenreadinge-inkandtheprintedwordtobenegligible.2Headdsthatpixeldensityandscreenresolutionhavereachedthepointatwhichtheeyedoesn'tknowwhichitisseeing.Soifreadingaprintedbookindimlightisfine,soisreadingaKindleoriPad.MovingfromDarktoLightTheeyesadaptquicklywhengoingtothelight—④emergingfromatunnelintothesun,say—butgoingtothedark'requirestheregenerationofphotopigments,andthattakessometimetoreachfulldark-adaptation,'saysDr.Sheedy.Adjustingtothedimlightnexttoyourbedshouldonlytakeseconds.Butwhengoingfrombrightlighttomaximumdarkness,studieshaveshown,eyesensitivitycontinuestochangeforupto25minutes,hesays.'Everwonderwhyapiratewearspatches?It'snotbecausehewaswoundedinaswordfight,'saysDr.Sheedy.Seamenmustconstantlymovebetweenthepitchblackofbelowdecksandthebrightsunshineabove.视觉科学的一些事实妈妈总是告诉我们如果我们在暗处看书会弄坏眼睛。这种说法有科学依据吗？俄勒冈太平洋大学视觉功能学院所长、视觉科学医生吉姆·希迪为我们揭示真相。暗处阅读原来，我们的父母是错的。希迪博士说：“我们没有理由认为，也没有证据证明，在暗处阅读会造成眼睛的长期损害，或引起眼睛的生理变化。”但这并不意味着在夜间昏暗光线下看书不会引起不适和疲劳。光线不足会引起瞳孔扩张，导致景深变小，即眼睛能聚焦的最近和最远的物体之间的距离变小。希迪博士说，费力地去变焦(通通过眼睛的调节系统)和费力去地改变两眼之间的视角(通过眼睛的收缩系统)可能会使你的眼睛和身体感到疲倦。当然，这通常是在被窝里看书的后果。看清楚希迪博士说他告诉他的学生现在还没有足够的证据能说明用眼习惯会导致近视。“近视的主要决定因素是遗传。”他说并没有确凿的证据证明长期损害跟近视之间存在关联。希迪博士说：“这只是一个古老的传说，是妈妈们希望孩子们去睡觉时常用的一个说辞。”电子时代希迪博士说，在平板设备上阅读文字不会伤害眼睛。他的团队对各种字体、电脑显示器和像素分辨率进行了研究，发现阅读电子读物和印刷文字对眼睛影响的差异是可以忽略不计的。3他补充说，像素密度和屏幕分辨率已经发展到了让眼睛分辨不出电子读物和印刷文字之间差异的程度。如果在昏暗的光线下阅读印刷书籍没什...