1/242022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm“plantneurobiology”was1aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe2tointelligenceinanimals.3plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat4consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.Butsuchanideaisbunk,accordingtotheauthorsofthenewarticle.Plantbiologyisplexandfascinating,butit5sogreatlyfromthatofanimalsthatso-called6ofplants’intelligenceisintriguingbutinconclusive,thescientistswrote.Inanimals,neurobiologyreferstothebiologicalmechanismsthroughwhichanervoussystemregulatesbehavior,accordingtoHarvardUniversity’sMindBrainBehaviorInterfacultyInitiative.Overmillionsofyears,brainsindiverseanimalspecieshaveevolvedtoproducebehaviorsthatexpertsidentifyasintelligent:Amongthemarereasoningandproblem-solving,tooluseandself-recognition.Beginningin2006,somescientistshave7thatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,8“aplantnervoussystem,9tothatinanimals,”saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,aprofessoremeritusofmolecular,cellanddevelopmentalbiologyattheUniversityofCaliforniaSantaCruz.“They10claimedthatplantshave'brain-likemandcenters'attheirroottips,”TaiztoldLiveScienceinanemail.This11makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofaplexbrain,12ittoan2/24arrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsomunicatethroughelectricalsignals,accordingtothearticle.13,thesignalinginaplantisonly14similartothebillionsofsynapsesfiringinaplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan"amassofcellsthatmunicatebyelectricity,”Taizsaid.“Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold15ofplexityandcapacityisrequired,”he16.Otherresearcherswhorecentlyinvestigatedtheneuroscienceofconsciousness—awarenessofone'sworldandasenseofself—foundthatinanimals,onlyvertebrates,arthropodsandcephalopodshadbrainsplexenoughtoenablethemtobeconscious.“Iftheloweranimals—whichhavenervoussystems—lackconsciousness,the17thatplantswithoutnervoussystemshaveconsciousnessareeffectivelynil,”Taizsaid.Andwhat’ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?Plantscan’trunawayfrom18,soinvestingenergyinabodysystemthat19athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery20evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.1.A.coined2.A.attributedB.discoveredB.directedC.collectedC.paredD.issuedD.confined3.A.UnlessB.WhenC.OnceD.Though4.A.copedwithB.consistedofC.hintedatD.extendedto5.A.suffersB.benefitsC.developsD.differs6.A.acceptanceB.evidenceC.cultivationD.creation7.A.doubtedB.deniedC.arguedD.requested8.A.adaptingB.formingC.repairingD.testing9.A.analogousB.essentialC.suitableD.sensitive10.A.justB.everC.stillD.even11.A.restrictionB.experimentC.perspectiveD.demand12.A.attachingB.reducingC.returningD.exposing13.A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise3/2414.A.temporarilyB.literallyC.superficiallyD.imaginarily15.A.listB.levelC.labelD.load16.A.recalledB.agreedC.questionedD.added17.A.chancesB.risksC.excusesD.assumptions18.A.dangerB.failureC.warningD.control19.A.representsB.includesC.revealsD.recognizes20.A.humbleB.poorC.practicalD.easySectionIIReadingprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Marky...
