Totalrevenue總收入TRTRQ0QMRARAR,MR0Averagerevenue平均收入TRTRQ0QMRARAR,MR0Marginalrevenue邊際收入TRTRQ0QMRARAR,MR0Perfectcompetition完全競爭PQd=MR=AR=PMCACAVCQ*0Profitmaximization利潤最大化PPQMCD=ARMR0MR=MC(profitmaximization)Deadweightloss無謂損失PQPmPcQmQcS=MCD=ARMR0Monopolyrent壟斷租PQPQMCD=ARMR0AC’ACMonopoly壟斷PQPQMCD=ARMR0ACLawofdiminishingmarginalreturns邊際報酬遞減定律TPVariablefactor0AP,MP0VariablefactorTPSlope=MP=APTPmax.MPmax.APmax.APMPLawofdiminishingmarginalreturnsAverageproductcurve平均生產曲線TPVariablefactor0AP,MP0VariablefactorTPSlope=MP=APTPmax.MPmax.APmax.APMPMarginalproductcurve邊際生產曲線TPVariablefactor0AP,MP0VariablefactorTPSlope=MP=APTPmax.MPmax.APmax.APMPTotalproductcurve總生產曲線TPVariablefactor0AP,MP0VariablefactorTPSlope=MP=APTPmax.MPmax.APmax.APMPTotalfixedcost總固定成本TC,TFC,TVCSlope=MC=ACTCTVCSlope=MC=AVCTFCOutputAC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVCOutput00MC=MVCACAVCAFCMFC=0Totalvariablecost總可變成本TC,TFC,TVCSlope=MC=ACTCTVCSlope=MC=AVCTFCOutputAC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVCOutput00MC=MVCACAVCAFCMFC=0Totalcost總成本TC,TFC,TVCSlope=MC=ACTCTVCSlope=MC=AVCTFCOutputAC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVCOutput00MC=MVCACAVCAFCMFC=0Averagefixedcost平均固定成本TC,TFC,TVCSlope=MC=ACTCTVCSlope=MC=AVCTFCOutputAC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVCOutput00MC=MVCACAVCAFCMFC=0Averagevariablecost平均可變成本TC,TFC,TVCSlope=MC=ACTCTVCSlope=MC=AVCTFCOutputAC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVCOutput00MC=MVCACAVCAFCMFC=0Averagecost平均成本TC,TFC,TVCSlope=MC=ACTCTVCSlope=MC=AVCTFCOutputAC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVCOutput00MC=MVCACAVCAFCMFC=0Marginalcost邊際成本TC,TFC,TVCSlope=MC=ACTCTVCSlope=MC=AVCTFCOutputAC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVCOutput00MC=MVCACAVCAFCMFC=0First-degreepricediscrimination一級價格分歧MCD=MUV=MRPQ0Third-degreepricediscrimination三級價格分歧PPPQQQP1DAMRAMRBDBMRA+BDA+BPA0PBQAQBMarketAMarketBBothMarketsMCQLawofdemand需求定律ABDPQ0Lawofsupply供給定律SPQ0ABEquilibriumPrice均衡價格0PQSDPeSurplus盈餘0PQSDPeQeExcesssupplyShortage短缺0PQSDPeQeExcessdemandPriceceiling價格下限QPriceceilingPSDMarketPriceBlackmarketprice0ExcessdemandPricefloor價格上限SD0LabourWagerateW1WeW0Q1Q2MinimumwageSurplusElasticdemand高彈性需求PQD0D’abMElasticDemandInelasticdemand低彈性需求PQD0D’abMInelasticDemandPerfectlyelasticdemand完全彈性需求曲線PQ0DPerfectlyinelasticdemand完全無彈性需求曲線PQ0DUnitaryelasticdemandcurve單一彈性需求曲線PQ0DLossinrevenueGaininrevenueGaininrevenueGain=LossBudgetconstraint預算限制013254132GoodXQRSPGoodYIndifferencecurve無異曲線13245132045GoodXBADCIC(utility=10)GoodYUtilitymaximization效用最大化0GoodXBECDLIC1IC2IC3GoodYSalestax銷售稅0QS2S1TaxDPSeller’sburdenConsumer’sburdenSubsidy補貼0QS2S1SubsidyDPSeller’sbenefitConsumer’sbenefitConsumersurplus消費者盈餘0QTotalexchangevaluePriceD=MUVPConsumer’ssurplusEconomiesofscale規模經濟0OutputLRACeconomiesofscaleQm$Diseconomiesofscale規模不經濟0OutputLRACdiseconomiesofscaleQm$Producersurplus生產者的盈餘QSP0Economicrent經濟租PriceSDQ1P1Unitsofafactor0EconomicrentTransferearning轉移收入PriceSDQ1P1Unitsofafactor0TransferearningAll-or-nothingPricing全量或零售定價Q0MUVAll-or-nothingdemandAUV1=P1P2PQ1Q2Contractionarymonetarypolicy收縮性貨幣政策rM0Ms’MsMdExpansionarymonetarypolicy擴張性貨幣政策rM0Ms’MsMdEquilibriuminmoneymarket貨幣市場的均衡rM0MsMdParadoxofthrift節儉之迷EE00YYS’SS’SIIYfYfYeYe’YeYe’Expansionaryfiscalpolicy擴張性財政政策E0YYfYeY-line45°E’EContractionaryfiscalpolicy收縮性財政政策E0YYfYeY-line45°E’EDeflationarygap緊縮缺口E0YYfYeY-line45°EGRDGInflationaryGap膨脹缺口E0YYfYeY-line45°EGFIGLiquiditytrap流動之迷E0YYfLM1ISLM2Crowding-outeffect排擠效果r0YYfLMIS2IS1Y2Y1crowding-outeffectr2r1LMCurveLM曲線r0YLMY2Y1r2r1ISCurveIS曲線r0YISY2Y1r2r1Phillipscurve菲利蒲士曲線0Rateofchangeofmoneywagerates(%p.a.)Unemployment(%)Quota配額GoodXWorldmarketpricePSD0QPtPeQ1Q2Tariff關稅GoodXWorldmarketpricePSD0PtPeQ1Q2bdceafTQ3Q4AveragepropensitytoconsumeYE0aCCYSlopes=APCMarginalpropensitytoconsumeYE0aCSlopes=MPCBackwardbendinglaborsupply向後彎曲勞力供應曲線Income0WagerateCBACBA0Slope=W3Slope=W2Slope=W1Work24(hours)LeisureW1W2W3QuantitysuppliedoflaborJ-curveJ曲線0Time(+)J-curve+-TradebalanceMarginalutility邊際效用GoodY0GoodXSlope=MarginalUtilityICReference參考書目•LamPunLee,AdvancedLevelMicroeconomicsThirdEdition,Macmillan•LamPunLee,AdvancedLevelMacroeconomicsThirdEdition,Macmillan
