期望理论 英文PPTVIP免费

ExpectancyTheory期望理论WhatisexpectancytheoryExpectancytheoryisafieldofstudyaboutemployeemotivation.Accordingtothistheory,thestrengthofatendencytoactinacertainwaydependsonthestrengthofanexpectationthatactwillbefollowedbyagivenoutcomeandontheattractivenessofthatoutcometotheindividual.Inpracticalterms,itsaysthatanemployeewillbemotivatedtoexertahighlevelofeffortwhenheorshebelievesthateffortwillleadtoagoodperformanceappraisal;whichwillleadtoorganizationalrewards,andthatrewardwillsatisfytheemployee’spersonalgoals.ExpectancyModeIndividualeffortIndividualperformance1.Effort-performancerelationship.Theprobabilityperceivedbytheindividualthatexertingagivenamountofeffortwillleadtoperformance.2.Performance-rewardrelationship.Thedegreetowhichtheindividualbelievesthatperformingataparticularlevelwillleadtoadesiredoutcome.3.Rewards-personalgoalsrelationship.Thedegreetowhichorganizationalrewardssatisfyanpersonalgoalsorneeds.OrganizationalrewardsPersonalgoalsIndividualeffortIndividualperformanceOrganizationalrewardsIndividualeffortIndividualperformancePersonalgoalsOrganizationalrewardsIndividualeffortIndividualperformance123ApplicationThetheoryfocusedonperformancevariables.Ithasprovedtoofferarelativelypowerfulexplanationofemployeeproductivity,absenteeism,andturnover.Butthetheoryassumesthatemployeeshavefewconstraintsontheirdecisiondiscretion.Itmakesmanyofthesameassumptionsthattherationalmodelmakesaboutindividualdecisionmaking.Thisactstorestrictitsapplicable.Wecanconclude,thetheory’spowerinexplainingemployeeproductivityincreaseswhenthejobsbeingperformedaremorecomplexandhigherintheorganization.期望公式激励取决于行动结果的价值评价和其对应的期望值的乘积：M=∑V×EM-motivation激发人内部潜力的强度V-valence目标有多大价值的主观判断E-expectancy对实现该目标可能性大小的主观评估我们可以利用期望理论来分析某种奖金制度有激励作用，还是没有激励作用。（如下图）