直接引语和间接引语的用法及练习巩固一、直接引语和间接引语的意义：我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的意思，被转述的部分称为间接引语。间接引语多数构成宾语从句。二、直接引语改为间接引语时连词的使用：1、直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语的连词用that，that可以省略。如：“Ihavelivedinthesouthforyears,”MrsDuncansaid.→MrsDuncantoldme(that)shehadlivedinthesouthforyears.Duncan夫人说她在南方住了许多年。“IshalltellhimexactlywhatIthink,”shesaid.→Shesaid(that)shewouldtellhimexactlywhatshethought.她说她将会告诉他她所想的。2、直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语的连词用if/whether。如：Hesaid，“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”→Heasked(me)ifIwasinterestedinEnglish.他问我是否对英语感兴趣。Hesaid，“Didyouseehimlastnight?”→Heasked(me)whetherIhadseenhimthenightbefore.他问我头天晚上是否见到了他。3、直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语的连词用特殊疑问句本身所带的疑问词如when，where，who，why，how，howmany，howold等等。如：“Whatdoyouwant?”heaskedme.→HeaskedmewhatIwanted.他问我想要什么。“Howcanweimprovetheconditionofthesoil?”thefarmersaskedhim.→Thefarmersaskedhimhowtheycouldimprovetheconditionofthesoil.农民们询问他如何才能提高土壤的质量。4、直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语不用连词，而是将直接引语改为动词不定式用作句子的宾语补足语。如：Shesaidtous，“Pleasesitdown.”→Sheaskedustositdown.Hesaid，“Don’tmakesomuchnoise，boys.”→Hetoldtheboysnottomakesomuchnoise.“Pleaseexplainwhyyou’retwoandahalfhourslate,”thebosssaid.→Thebossaskedhimtoexplainwhyhewastwoandahalfhourslate.“Don’tgiveup!”Fathershoutedathim.→Fathertoldhiminaloudvoicenottogiveup.“Geteverythingreadyinhalfanhour,”theteachersaidtothestudents.→Theteacherorderedthestudentstogeteverythingreadyinhalfanhour.〖注〗主句的谓语动词有时要根据直接引语的情态和语气作相应的变化，如say说；tellsb.告诉某人；ask问/请求；suggest建议；order命令等等。四、时态的变化：如主句的谓语动词为现在时态范畴，间接引语中的时态一般不作变化；但如果主句的谓语动词为过去时态范畴，则间接引语多改用相应的过去时态。其规律见下表：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般过去将来时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般过去时过去完成时如：She’spreparingherlessons,”Isaid.→Isaidthatshewaspreparingherlessons.Isaidtothem，“He’llgetexcited.”→Itoldthemthathewouldgetexcited.Hesaidtome，“Janespentallhertimedoingthat.”→HetoldmethatJanehadspentallhertimedoingthat.例外：1、直接引语如果有表示具体过去时间的时间状语（如in1992,lastweek）等，在变为间接引语时可以不变。如：Myfathersaidtome，“Ireadthebookin1986.”→Myfathertoldmehereadthebookin1986.2、直接引语表达的意思是客观真理时，时态可以不变。如：Thegeographyteachersaidtous，“Theearthturnsaroundthesun.”→Thegeographyteachertoldusthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.五、间接引语中人称代词的变化：要根据句子的意义作相应的变动。其规律是：一主二宾三不变，即第一人称代词指的是句子的主语；第二人称代词指的是句子的宾语；第三人称代词不用变化。如：“Ihaven’tbroughtmydictionary.”thestudentsaid.→Thestudentsaidthathehadn’tbroughthisdictionary.六、指示代词、时间、地点状语的变化：通常总是由近指改为远指。其规律见下表：直接引语间接引语now（现在）then（那时）ago（以前）before（以前）today（今天）thatday（那天）thismorning（今天早晨）thatmorning（那天早晨）yesterday（昨天）thedaybefore（前一天）yesterdaymorning（昨天早晨）themorningbefore（前一天早晨）tomorrow（...
