呼吸科常用英文询问病史casehistoryYouneedtogetadetailedhistoryincludingthetimingandacuityofonset,exacerbatingandalleviatingfactorsandenvironmenttriggerstohelpyouconfirmadiagnosisordiscardotherdiseases/developadifferentialdiagnosis.Askyourpatientwhetherthereisahistoryoftobaccouse,orothertoxicandenvironmentalexposuresandhisoccupationalhistory.General/biographicaldata,maritalstatus,nativity,occupation,informant,timeofadmissionandrecord,chiefcomplaint,historyofpresentillness,previoushealthstatus(well,ordinaryorbad),anyinfectiousdiseases,allergichistory,historyoftraumaorsurgery,smoking(abouthowmanyyears,averagehowmanypiecesperday,ceasedforhowmanyyears),alcoholintake(occasionalorfrequent),spouse’shealthstatus,menorrhea(menarcheage,cyclelastingforhowmanydays,menstrualcycle,lastmenstruationperiodorageofmenopause,anymenstrualpainorirregularcycle),childbearingorpregnancy(times,naturallabor,abortions,prematuredelivery,stillbirths,difficultlabor,familyhistory(anycongenitaldiseases,fatherandmother:stillalive,illness,orcauseofdeath,siblingsandchildren)常用的症状symptomsfeverCough咳嗽Sputum(dry,purulent脓性的,copiousgreensputum大量绿色痰，tenaciousyellowsputum黄粘痰，frothywhitesputum白色泡沫痰，rustysputum铁锈色痰wheezingDyspneaduringexertionoratrest呼吸困难Orthopnea端坐呼吸Paroxysmalnocturnaldyspnea夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortnessofbreath（SOB）Chesttightness胸部紧迫感Exerciseintolerancepleuriticchestpain胸膜型胸痛Pharyngalgia;pharyngodynia咽痛Hemoptysis咯血Bucking呛咳Sneeze喷嚏snore打鼾malaise不舒服myalgia肌痛insomia失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia发声困难常见的体征physicalsignsclubbedfingers杵状指:increasedlongitudinalandtransversecurvature,lossofconcavenailfoldangle,bogginessofnailbedandincreasedsofttissuebulkofdistalphalanx,drumstick-likenicotinestainingcyanosis:bluediscolourationofmucosalmembranesandskin,causedwhenmeancapillaryconcentrationofdeoxyhemoglobinmorethan5g/dl,O2saturationlessthan85%,PaO2lessthan8KPaperipheralcyanosis:coldblueperipheries,e.g.nailbedsduetocoldexposurescentralcyanosis:warmperipheries,bluetongueorlipshandflap:duetoCO2retentionasterixis扑翼样震颤papilloedema视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlargedsupraclavicularandaxillarylymphnodesincreasedrespiratoryratetachycardia心动过速pulsusparadoxus:>10mmHg↓oninspiration(seeninsevereasthma)barrelchesthyperexpanded,decreasedexpansionkyphosis驼背，脊柱后凸Inspection:tachypnea呼吸急促accessorymusclesofrespiration:sternocleidomastoidmuscle,armsupport,alaeflaringwideornarrowintercostalspacetactilevocalfremitus触觉语颤subcutaneouscrepitus皮下捻发感Percussion:resonancedullnessflatnesshyperresonancetympanylowerborders:scapularlineXleft/rightintercostalspacerangeofmobilityAuscultation:vocalresonance语音共振ronchi:wheeze,stridor,crackles,Velcro-likesoundesmoistrales:coarse,medium,fine,crepitus捻发音pleuralfrictionrubscompleteabsenceofbreathsoundsankleedemaweightloss，cachexia恶病质，cachectic恶病质的decreasedfoodappetite,lossofappetite,anorexia食欲减退常做的检查examinationsorlaboratoryfindings(totake,undergo,perform,receiveorhave)temperaturecharts体温图(takeone’sbodytemperature)sputumpot痰盂Blood/urine/stoolroutine,occultbloodtestBloodbiochemistrySputum/bloodcultureanddrugsensitivitytestsputumcytologyPulseoximeter脉氧计：continuousmonitoringofbloodoxygensaturationArterialbloodgasanalysis(ABG):arterialbloodsampling,radial/femoralarterypu...
