.........学习参考.ConfuciusConfuciusnamedQiustyledZhongni,agreatthinkerandeducatorinthelateSpringandAutumnPeriod,andthefounderofConfucianism.Confuciusinstructedmorethan3000disciplesandsomewerefrompoorfamilies.Confuciusgraduallychangedthetraditionthatonlynobilitieshadtherighttoreceiveeducation.Inhislateryears,Confuciuscompiledmanyliteraryworksofancienttimes,includingTheBookofSongs,TheBookofDocuments,andTheBooksofChanges.HissayingandbehaviorswerecompiledinTheAnalectsofConfuciusbyhisdisciples.HisideologyhasbeenabsorbedandcarriedcomposingtheessentialpartofChinesetraditionalideology.ItwasalsospreadintotheborderregionsandareasbuildingupacircleofConfucianism.UNESCOlabeledhimoneofthe“TenCultureCelebrities”.孔子孔子名丘字仲尼，春秋末期伟大的思想家和教育家，儒家学派创史人。孔子一共教授了三千多个学生，其中不乏贫困家庭的孩子，改变了只有贵族子女才有资格上学的传统。孔子晚年还编订上古书籍，《诗经》《尚书》《周易》等。孔子的言行被他的弟子们收集在《论语》中，他的思想也被后人吸收和发扬光大，成为中国传统思想最主要的组成部分，并逐渐传播到周边国家，形成了影响范围很广的儒家文化圈。联合国教科文组织曾将孔子列入世界十大文化名人之一。.........学习参考.BeijingOperaBeijingOperaisthemostpopularandinfluentialoperainChinawithahistoryofalmost200years.IndevelopmentBeijingOperahasformedanumberoffictitiousprops.Forinstanceapedalmeansaboat.Withoutanyphysicalpropsinvolved,anactormayperformgoingupstairsordownstairsopeningorclosingadoorbymeregestures.Thoughexaggeratedthoseactionswouldgiveaudienceanimpressionwithgracefulmovements.Therearefourmainrolesshengdanjingandchou.Ashengordanhastheeyebrowspaintedandeyescircled.Ajingandchouhavetheirfacialmakeup,forexample,aredfacedepictstheloyaltyandbraveryandawhitefacesymbolizestreacheryandguile.京剧京剧是中国流行的最广泛影响最大的一个剧种，拥有两百多年的历史。在长期的发展过程中，京剧形成了一套虚拟表演动作，如一条桨就可以代表一只船。不需要任何的道具，演员就能表现出上楼、下楼，开门、关门等动作，虽然经赤了夸张但这些动作能给观众既真实又优美的感觉。京剧演员分生、旦、净、丑四个行当，生和旦的化痕迹要描眉、吊眉、画眼圈，净丑面部需要化妆，比如，红脸表示忠诚勇猛，白脸表示奸险。.........学习参考.Paper-CutsChinesepaper-cutsareprettyandexquisitewithauniqueorientalstyle.Theymakeviewerstofeeltherealdailylifeandafestiveatmosphere.Themakingofpaper-cutsisapopularfolkartofmorethan2000yearsinChina.Theyaremostlycreatedbywomeninruralareas.Thedesignsarefowlsdomesticanimalscrops,episodesfromoperasauspicioussymbolsandsoon.UsedontheChineselunarNewYearorotherfestivals,theyadddelightandfestivitytothelifeoftheordinarypeople.Paper-cutsfallintotwocategories,simpleandnaturalsingle-coloredones,andgorgeousandcolorfulones.Thefamousonesarewindow-panesfromShanxi,figurinesoflocaloperasfromWeixianHebei,andembroiderycopiesinethnicminoritiesinsouthernChina.Chinesepaper-cuthasbeenlistedasoneoftheworld’sculturalheritagesbyUNESCO.剪纸中国的剪纸美丽精巧，带有独特的东方神韵。她们使人感到浓浓的生活气息和欢乐的喜庆的气氛。剪纸艺术大约有2000多年的历史，是中国民间十分常见的工艺品。她们大多出自农村妇女之手，图案有家禽、家畜、农作物、花鸟、娃娃、戏曲故事、吉祥图案等，常常在过年过节和喜庆吉日时使用。鲜艳美丽的剪纸给中国普通百姓的生活带来了欢乐和喜气。剪纸分单色和彩色两种，单色朴素大方，彩色的绚丽多彩。比较有名的剪纸有陕西的窗花，河北蔚县的戏曲人物，以及南方少数民族的绣花底样等。中国剪纸己被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化...
