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体格检查体格检查((二）二）InspectionInspection：：腹纹：腹纹：abdominalstriaeabdominalstriae外形：外形：contourcontour膨胀：膨胀：distensiondistension平坦的：平坦的：flatflat腹胀不对称：腹胀不对称：asymmetricaldistensionasymmetricaldistension蛙腹：蛙腹：frogbellyfrogbelly腹部普遍膨隆（凹陷）：腹部普遍膨隆（凹陷）：generalgeneralprominenoe(retractioprominenoe(retraction)n)oftheabdomenoftheabdomen五、腹部五、腹部AbdomenAbdomenInspectionInspection：：腹围增大：腹围增大：increasedabdominalgirthincreasedabdominalgirth肠型：肠型：intestinalpattern(orcontointestinalpattern(orcontour)ur)阶梯样蠕动波：阶梯样蠕动波：peristalticwaveinladdperistalticwaveinladdererpatternpattern脐膨出：脐膨出：projectionoftheumbilicusprojectionoftheumbilicus膨隆的：膨隆的：protuberantprotuberant舟状腹：舟状腹：scaphoidabdomenscaphoidabdomen妊娠纹：妊娠纹：striaegravidarumstriaegravidarumstriaeofpregnancystriaeofpregnancy静脉曲张：静脉曲张：varicoseveins;varicoseveins;dilatedtortuousveinsdilatedtortuousveins；；varicoatyvaricoaty可见胃蠕动：可见胃蠕动：visiblegastricperistalsisvisiblegastricperistalsisInspectionInspection：：1.Inspectionrevealsvisibleperistalticwa1.Inspectionrevealsvisibleperistalticwavespassingfromlefttorightacrossthevespassingfromlefttorightacrosstheupperabdomen.upperabdomen.2.Findingsoninspectionareadistended2.Findingsoninspectionareadistendedabdomencoveredbytense,shinyskin.abdomencoveredbytense,shinyskin.3.lntheupperabdomen,dilatedtortuou3.lntheupperabdomen,dilatedtortuousveinsareseeninwhichthebloodflowssveinsareseeninwhichthebloodflowsupwards,upwards,PalpationPalpation：：板样强直板样强直::board-likerigidityboard-likerigidity肝脾肿大：肝脾肿大：hepatosplenomegalyhepatosplenomegaly肝肿大：肝肿大：hepatomegalyhepatomegaly；；enlargementoftheliveenlargementoftheliverr腹壁松弛：腹壁松弛：laxabdominalwalllaxabdominalwall墨菲墨菲((氏氏))征：征：Murphy‘ssignMurphy‘ssign肌卫：肌卫：muscleguardingmuscleguarding反跳痛：反跳痛：reboundtendernessreboundtenderness强直：强直：rigidityrigidity脾肿大：脾肿大：splenomegaly;splenomegaly;enlargementofthespleenenlargementofthespleen压痛：压痛：tendernesstendernessPalpationPalpation：：1.Reboundtendernessandboard-likeri1.Reboundtendernessandboard-likerigidityoftheabdominalmusculaturearegidityoftheabdominalmusculaturearepresentinallabdomenpresentinallabdomen2.Thepatienthasapalpableloopofthic2.Thepatienthasapalpableloopofthickenedbowelintheleftlowerquadrantkenedbowelintheleftlowerquadrant3.Afirmtumormass,about3cmindia3.Afirmtumormass,about3cmindiameter,isfelt4centimetersbelowthecosmeter,isfelt4centimetersbelowthecostalmarginattheexternalmarginofthertalmarginattheexternalmarginoftherightrectusmuscleightrectusmusclePercussionPercussion：：浊音：浊音：dullnessdullness移动性浊音移动性浊音::shiftingdullnessshiftingdullness鼓音：鼓音：tyrnpaniticresonancetyrnpaniticresonance；；1.Percussionoftheabdomendemonstra1.Percussionoftheabdomendemonstratestympanythroughouttestympanythroughout2.Thereisnoshiftingdullness2.Thereisnoshiftingdullness3.Onpercussionthereisdullnessinthef3.OnpercussionthereisdullnessintheflanksandtympaniticinthemiddlelanksandtympaniticinthemiddleAuscultationAuscultation：：浊音：浊音：dullnessdullness肠鸣：肠鸣：BorborygmiBorborygmi击水声：击水声：splashessplashes肠鸣音：肠鸣音：bowelsoundsbowelsoundsperistalticsoundsperistalticsounds气过水...