word文档-1-/12第2讲形容词、副词和比较等级Ⅰ.语法填空1.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thebeautiful(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.2.(2019·某某高考)Noonewantstoliveanextremely(extreme)longlifewithalotofchronicdiseases.3.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyearslonger(long)thannon-runners.4.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Hescreamstheloudest(loud)ofall.Ⅱ.完成句子1.(2020·某某高考)AccordingtoProfessorJohnson,wedon’thavetoreadthebookifwedon’twantto,asitisoptional(可选择的).2.(2020·某某高考)TheoutbreakofCOVID-19hasmeantanabruptchange(突然的变化)inourlifeandwork.3.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)TodayItriedcookingasimpledish(一道简单的菜)myself.4.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Seeyousoon(待会儿见).1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Istoppedtheballandkickedithard(狠狠地踢)backtotheplayground.2.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Ibecameinterestedin(变得对⋯⋯感兴趣)playingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.word文档-2-/123.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Immediately(立刻),Iraisedmyhand.4.(2018·某某高考)Mostofusobservedmuchmore(多)aschildrenthanwedoasadults.语法填空五谨记1.看到空格处修饰的是名词,要想到用形容词。2.看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,要想到用副词。3.看到与than连用,要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。4.看到and,or,but等并列连词前或后用的比较级,要想到用比较级。5.看到语境中暗含比较含义,要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。形容词和副词的句法功能1.形容词主要用来修饰名词、代词,表示事物或人的性质和特征。可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或状语等。※Ihavetoattendanimportantmeetingthisafternoon.(作定语)※IknowheistoooptimisticbutIdon’twanttodepresshim.(作表语)※Theroomwasfoundverydirty.(作主语补足语)※Optimismmakesalifehappierandmoremeaningful.(作宾语补足语)※Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.(作状语)【点津】word文档-3-/12(1)通常只作表语的形容词:①以“a-”开头的形容词:afraid害怕的,alone孤单的,alive活着的,alike相似的,ashamed羞愧的,awake醒着的;②content,worth,ill(有病的,不舒服的),sure,liable,well等。(2)通常不用“人”作主语的形容词:possible,impossible,probable,convenient,necessary等。(3)形容词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。2.副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至整个句子。可作状语、表语、宾语补足语等。※Wheneverwehavetroublewithourstudies,ourteachershelpuspatiently.(作状语)※Thetidewasoutandtheywalkedamongtherockpools.(作表语)※Unfortunately,Iwasstillveryclumsybehindthewheelofthejeep.(作状语)【点津】(1)有些副词并不修饰动词,而是修饰整个句子,表示说话人的看法。常见的这类副词有:表递进besides,further,then,moreover等表结果therefore,consequently,accordingly,thus等表转折though,instead,otherwise,however等表等同similarly,equally等表对比rather,oppositely等表概括altogether,generally等表列举first(ly),second(ly),finally等表同位namely等word文档-4-/12表时间meanwhile,sometimes,occasionally等表特指particularly,especially等(2)兼有两种形式的副词其中一种形式与形容词相同,另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。形容词和副词的相互转化1.大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly构成。主要变化规律:转换方法例词一般情况,在形容词词尾直接加-lyreal—really;helpful—helpfully以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-lybusy—busily;angry—angrily;easy—easily以-le结尾,去e直接加yterrible—terribly;gentle—gently元音字母+e结尾,先去掉e,然后再加-lytrue—truly以ll结尾的词只加yfull—fully以ic结尾的词automatic—automaticallyword文档-5-/12加allyenergetic—energetically2.在英语中...
