基于IAP15W4K58S4单片机的智能小车设计 电气工程专业VIP专享VIP免费

摘要随着时代的发展，科技的进步，人们对生活质量的要求越来越高。智能化已经成为越来越多产品的发展方向，首先是智能手机的发展，使消费者体会到了智能化所带来的生活体验，接着智能电器等一大批电子产品都在努力向智能化的方向发展。无人驾驶汽车由于传感器、人工智能和大数据的发展，最近几年正在蓬勃发展。智能小车作为轮式机器人的一种，它的发展涉及到了很多方面的知识和技术，首先其从外界获取信息需要使用到各式各样的传感器，然后将信号传送到单片机对其进行分析，下达执行命令。对智能小车的研究水平从一定程度上反映了其在集成电路方面的发展水平。本次智能小车设计主要是实现小车的蓝牙通信、LCD显示、运动控制、红外循迹和超声波避障功能，主控芯片是STC的IAP15W4K58S4单片机，它内置有增强型PWM发生电路，只需要对寄存器进行设置，就可以输出一定占空比的PWM波形，进而实现对电机转速的控制，单片机与手机之间的通信采用主从一体的HC-05蓝牙模块对小车进行控制。使用LCD1602对小车的运动状态进行显示，通过HC-SR04超声波传感器测距，当距离小于设定值时，小车通过相应的动作避开障碍物，完成小车的避障功能。小车的循迹使用三路红外光电传感器HJ-IR1根据黑色和白色对红外光的反射不同来判断黑线的位置完成循迹。关键词：LCD1602；蓝牙通信；PWM;循迹；避障-I-DesignofIntelligentCarBasedonIAP15W4K58S4AbstractWiththedevelopmentofthetimesandtheprogressofscience,people'squalityofliferequirementsaregettinghigherandhigher.Intelligenthasbecomemoreandmoreproductdevelopmentdirection.Firstofall,thedevelopmentofsmartphones，sothatconsumersunderstandtheintelligentlifeexperience。Then,alargenumberofelectronicproducts,suchassmartappliances,aretryingtodevelopinanintelligentway.Unmannedvehiclesareboominginrecentyearsduetothedevelopmentofsensors,artificialintelligenceandlargedata.Intelligentcarasakindofwheeledrobots,itsdevelopmentinvolvesalotofknowledgeandtechnology.First,itneedstouseavarietyofsensorstogetinformationfromtheoutsideworld.Andthensendthesignaltothemicrocontrollertoanalyzeit,andfinallyissuedacommand.Thelevelofresearchonsmartcarsreflectsdevelopmentoftheintegratedcircuit.Theintelligentcardesignismainlytoachievethecar'sBluetoothcommunication,LCDdisplay,motioncontrol,infraredtrackingandultrasonicobstacleavoidancefunction.MasterchipisSTCIAP15W4K58S4microcontroller,whichbuilt-inenhancedPWMgeneratorcircuit.Throughtheregistersettings,acertaindutycyclePWMwaveformcanbeoutput,andthentoachievethecontrolofthemotorspeed.Thecommunicationbetweenthemicrocontrollerandthemobilephoneusesthemaster-slaveHC-05Bluetoothmoduletocontrolthecar.DisplaycarmovementstatebyLCD1602.MeasurethedistancebyHC-SR04.Whenthedistanceislessthanthesettingvalue,thecaravoidstheobstaclethroughthecorrespondingaction,andcompletestheobstacleavoidancefunctionofthecar.Thecar'stracingusesathree-wayinfraredphotoelectricsensorHJ-IR1todeterminethepositionoftheblacklinebasedontheblackandwhitereflectionsoftheinfraredlight.KeyWords：LCD1602;Bluetoothcommunication;PWM;tracking;obstacleavoidance-II-目录摘要.........................................................................................................................................IAbstract......................................................................................................................................II1绪论.........................................................................................................................................11.1课题来源及研究目的和意义..........................................................................