英语双关语及其翻译[Abstract]Englishpunisoneoftheimportantfiguresofspeech,anditiswidelyusedinvariousliteraryworks,suchaspoems,novels,stories,advertisementsandriddles,etc.BasedonthedefinitionsofEnglishpun,thispaperpointsoutthathomonyms,homophones,andhomographsareavailabletoconstructpuns.Accordingtothecharacteristicsandfunctionsoftheirformation,LvXudividedEnglishpunintothreetypes,theyarehomophonicpuns,homographicpuns,punsonbothpronunciationandmeaning.Englishpuntakesadvantageofitsdistinctivefeaturesinnatureandtriestoproduceambiguityonpurposeinordertogettheeffectofaimingatapigeonandshootingatacrow.Englishpunscanachievemanyeffects:humor,satire,vividexpressionofthecharacters’feelings,whichcanincreasethebeautyoflanguageandimprovereadabilityinordertoattractthereaders’interest.However,thetranslationofEnglishpunisalwaysconsideredtobeextremelydifficult.Manypeopleevenconsiderpunsas“untranslatable”.SincethereismuchdifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishinphonologyandmorphology,itisdifficulttofindequivalencebothinsoundandinmeaninginthetargetlanguageforatranslator.Butthereisnosourcetextthatisabsolutelyuntranslatable;thetranslationofpunsispossibletoacertainextent.Thispaperintroduces3maintypestotranslateEnglishpuns.Theyareliteraltranslation,freetranslation,andannotatedtranslation.[KeyWords]Englishpun;classification;characteristics;function;translation【摘要】英语双关语是重要的修辞格之一，这种修辞格广泛运用于各种文学作品，如诗歌、小说、故事、广告及谜语中。本文在英语双关的定义基础上提出了同形同音异义词、同音异义词、同形异义词，这3种词可构成双关。并根据其结构成分所起的作用，再仔细地探讨了吕煦把英语双关主要分为三类：同音双关、同词双关、音义双关。英语双关利用其特有的本质特点，故意造成歧义，来达到言在此而意在彼的特殊效果。英语双关语的应用能起到一种诙谐幽默，冷嘲热讽，形象生动的作用并能充分体现人物的性格特征，加强语言的美感，提高该作品的可读性来引起读者的兴趣。然而，英语双关语的翻译又是极其困难的，很多人甚至认为是不可译的，因为英汉两种语言的语音不同，两种语言的多义词并不能一一对应，但英语双关语还是存在一定的可译性。本文主要介绍3种主要翻译方法：直译法，意译法，注释法。【关键词】英语双关语；分类；本质特点；作用；翻译1.IntroductionInacertaincontext,awordorphrasethatisrelevanttotwoormoreconceptions,ideasorfeelingsisoftenemployedtomakeanexpressionmoreeffectiveorhumorous.Thisisachievedwhenthereexistsidentityorsimilaritybetweencertainwordsinsuchaspectsaspronunciation,formationormeaning.Thisidentityorsimilarityproducesdoublemeanings,whichenablespeopletoconnectnaturallytheliteralmeaningwiththeimpliedmeaning.Ofthesetwomeanings,theimpliedmeaningistheprincipalpart.Thisiswhatwecalltheuseofpun.“Theuseofpundatesbacktoancientdays.Shakespearefavoredpunparticularly.Itisestimatedthatthereareabout3000punsemployedinShakespeare’sworks[1].”TheemploymentofpuninEnglishnovels,poems,speeches,advertisementsandriddlesmakesthemhighlyreadableandpromptspeopletoappreciatethebeautyoflanguage.AndthetranslationofEnglishpunsintoChineseenhancesthecharmoftheoriginalworksandtheunderstandingoftheversion.2.Definitionandclassificationofpuns2.1DefinitionofpunsLookingatthesameissuefromdifferentperspectives,wemayoftencomeupwithdifferentdefinitionsofthethingunderdiscussion.And,notsurprisingly,puncanbethusdefinedinmanyways.Thereissuchahumorousexplanationaboutpun:“punning–totortureonepoorwordtenthousandways(JohnDryden)”[2].InLongmanDicti...
