小型圆柱坐标机械手的设计[摘要]机械手能模仿人手和臂的某些动作功能,按固定程序抓取、搬运物件或操作工具的自动操作装置。机械手是最早出现的工业机器人,也是最早出现的现代机器人,它可代替人的繁重劳动以实现生产的机械化和自动化,能在有害环境下操作以保护人身安全。本次设计所采用的是圆柱坐标式机械手,具有3个自由度,即手臂的运动系由一个升降直线运动关节(轴向),一个径向直线运动关节和一个圆周旋转运动关节(周向)组合而成。分别使用了升降缸、伸缩缸和回转缸实现上述运动。机械手的手部采用了真空吸盘,连接文氏管式真空发生器。利用压缩空气在管道内快速通过而产生真空的原理将工件吸住。根据计算选择合适的真空发生器。本次设计采用的伸缩缸及升降缸采用的是双活塞杆气缸带有两个活塞杆,并排在同一缸体上,这样的位置安排有利于准确的导向。选用回转缸置于升降缸之下的结构刚性较好。根据要求计算气缸的驱动力以及回转力矩,合适选择气缸。本设计采用气动驱动系统。使用双作用气缸换向回路,用二位五通电控阀控制活塞双向运动。电气控制系统采用PLC三菱公司F1系列PC(F1-40MR),输入:X400~X407,X500~X505共14点。输出:Y430~Y437共8点。机械手的动作顺序为:原位——下降——吸住——上升——右移——左回转——下降——松开——上升——右回转——左移——复位。[关键词]圆柱坐标自由度气缸控制系统MovementDesignofthePersonificationRobot[Abstract]Themanipulatorcanimitatethehandandarm'scertainmovementfunction,bythefixedprocedurecrawl,carriestheobjectortheoperationtoolautomaticoperationdevice.Industrialrobotmanipulatoristheearliest,istheearliestofthemodernrobot,itcanreplacehumanlabortorealizethemechanizationandautomationofproduction,canoperateinordertoprotectthepersonalsafetyinharmfulenvironment.Bythedesignofthecylindricalcoordinatemanipulatorwith3degreesoffreedom,namely,themotionofthearmbyaliftinglinearmotionjoint(ZhouXiang),aradiallinearmotionjointandacirclerotationmovementofthejointassembly(ZhouXiang).Theliftingcylinder,telescopiccylinderandrotarycylinderareusedtorealizethemovement.Adoptthesuckingdiscofthevacuuminthehandofthemanipulator,connecttheVenturitubetypevacuumgenerator.Isitcompressairinpipelinefastthroughproduceprincipleofvacuumholdtheworkpiecetoutilize.Accordingtocalculatingandchoosingthesuitablevacuumgenerator.Designflexiblejarthatadoptandhoistorlowerwhomjaradopthavetwocylinderroddualcylinderrodaircylinderthistime,sidebysideatthesamecylinderblock.Thestructureofselectingtherotarycylinderforuseandputtingunderhoistingorlowerthejar,rigidityisbetter.Itissuitabletochoosetheaircylindertoasrequestedcalculatethedrivingforceoftheaircylinderandgyrationmoment.Originallydesignandadoptthepneumaticsystemofurging.Usethereversingreturncircuitofaircylinderofapairoffunction,controltwo-waysportsofthepistonwithtwoautomaticallycontrolledvalvesfivetimes.TheelectriccontrolsystemadoptsPLCMitsubishiCompanyF1seriesPC(F1-40MR),input:X400-X407,X500-X505has14pointsaltogether.Export:Y430-Y437has8pointsaltogether.Themovementorderofthemanipulatoris:Normalposition--Decline--Hold--Rise--Movetoright--Turnroundontheleft--Decline--Unclamp--Rise--Turnroundinright--Movetoleft--Restoredtothethrone.[Keywords]PersonificationrobotThree-dimensionshapingMobilesimulationControlsystem目录前言........................................................................................................................1第1章设计方案的拟定..........................................................................................21.1工业机械手设计目的...............................................