高中应掌握的动词不定式知识1.不定式的构成形式:todo\tobedone\tobedoing\tohavedone\tohavebeendone2.不定式的语法功能:主语、宾语、宾补、表语、状语、定语。3.不定式在某些句型中的意义:1)主+谓(推断)+tobe(表同时)/tohavedone(表发生在主要动词之前)/tobedoing(表动作正进行)谓语动词:seem,appear,besaid,besupposed,bebelieved,bethought,bereported,beknown等。2)主+谓(希望)+todo(表将来)/tohavedone(表过去原本希望，但未能实现)谓语动词:hoped,meant,wanted,expected,wished,planned,promised,disired等。3)不定式作主语，常用形式主语it代替。A.Ittakessb.sometime\somemoney\sometroubletodosth.BItcostssb.somemoney\time\energy\labourtodosth.C.Itisadj.forsb.todosth.D.Itisadj.ofsb.todosth.(常用形容词good,kind,clever,stupid,cruel,rude,polite,wrong,right,wise,brave,careful,naughty...)4)不定式作宾语，常用形式宾语it代替。句式为:主+consider,think,make,feel,find,know,regard,believe+it+宾补+todosth.4.只能由不定式作宾语的动词有:offer,afford,learn,plan,demand,ask,promise,agree,help,prepare,decide,choose,determine,refuse,dare,manage,hope,wish,expect,long,fail,pretend.5.常用不定式作宾补的动词有:like,hate,encourage,wish,ask,tell,want,desire,expect,prefer,permit,order,allow,invite,force,warn,cause,advise,request,oblige,get,beg,persuade,teach.6.常用不带to不定式作宾补的动词有:see,lookat,watch,notice,observe,listento,hear,make,have,let.help(to),feel,注意区别:findsb.tobe\getsb.todosth..7.疑问词+不定式=名词短语或名词从句。8.不定式作状语表目的，结果，原因等。其中，结果状语通常为onlytodo…表示________________的结果。特例:1)inorderto=soasto(只用于句子后)\...soasto=so...asto=inorderthat\sothat+从句can\could\may\might+v.表目的。2)soasto+v.=sothat...表结果。3)too+adj.\adv.forsb.todosth.4)adj.\adv.enoughtodosth.(enough修饰名词可前可后)9.不定式作表语。特例:主+seem\appear\happento+v.10.不定式作定语1)不定式的动词如果是不及物动词，应带上介词。(修饰time,place,way除外)2)主动和被动:不定式与所修饰的词构成逻辑上的主谓关系常用主动。Ihavehomeworktodo.11.不定式的省略:1)to的省略A:感官动词、使役动词之后，并且是主动句，如是被动句，仍需要to(get,order,ask,cause,find除外)B:do+something\anything\nothing+but\except\besides+v.C:Whynot...?hadbetter,wouldrather之后。D:不定式作定语，主动表被动,如:1)Ihavesomemathsproblemstoworkout.注意区别当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时,如:Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?Iwillwashthemforyou.仍用被动结构。E:不定式作表语形容词的状语时，主动表被动HefoundChinesedifficulttolearn.2)动词的省略:下列动词常省略所重复的动词，但be和have助动词除外。(want\hope\wish\'dlike\hate\try\ought\mean\plan\need\used\beable\begoing\besupposedto.)
