LessonTwelveSam’sFirstTourofLondonA.词汇1.heavy可解释为“重的”,也可解释为“大量的,多的”。如:Theboxistooheavyformetomove.这箱子太重了我搬不动。Thetrafficistooheavyeverymorning.每天早晨交通太拥挤。注意heavy的副词形式为heavily。如:You’dbetternotgoout.It’srainingheavily.在使用时注意适当的词形变化。2.reach意为“到达”,一般作及物动词,直接在其后接到达的地点。如:WhenIreachedthestation,Isteppeddownfromthetrain.We’llreachBeijingat4p.m.我们将于下午四点到北京。我们在前面还学过get,arrive,也译为“到达”,但它们是不及物动词,如果表示所到达的地点是名词,那么get,arrive后须分别加相应的介词,即getto,arriveat(加小地点),arrivein(加大地点)。如:Wearrivedattheclassroomjustbeforethebellrang.我们刚好在铃响前到达了教室。Theywillarrivein/gettoLondonintwohours.过两小时他们将到达伦敦。注意:如果动词后没有地点名词,则只能用arrive。如:—Hasthetrainarrived?火车到了吗?—No,ithasn’tyet.还没呢。B.短语1.getlost意为“迷路”。如:…butIfirsttookthewrongtrain,andthengotlostagain.…可是我先乘错了火车,接着又迷了路。Thechildrengotlostintheforest.孩子们在森林里迷了路。与getlost同义的短语有:belost,loseone’sway。2.ask…for…意为“向……请求得到……”。如:Iaskedapolicemanforhelp.我向一位警察求助。Heaskedhisparentsforabike.他请求父母给他买辆自行车。Theyaskedmeforhelp.他们向我求助。=Theyaskedmyhelp.或Theyaskedformyhelp.有时,该短语的用法较灵活。如:Heaskedforacupinashop.他在店里想买只杯子。3.geton/off意为“上/下车”。如:TheNo.6bushascome.Let’sgetonit.六路公交车来了,我们上车吧。(此处on/off为介词,代词作宾语不放在中间)Don’tgetoffthebusbeforeitstops.公共汽车停车之前,请别下车。4.getaround意为“到各处去”“四处逛逛”。如:IthoughtIknewhowtogetaroundbymyself.我原以为自己懂得如何独自去逛。注意:getaround的同义词组为“getround”。C.句型1.Ithought…意为“我原以为……”,要注意主句与从句在时态上一致。如:Whatasurprise!IthoughtyouwerestillinShanghai.真令人惊讶!我原以为你还在上海呢?Ididn’tthink(that)I’dbesolate.我原没想到会这么晚。2.It’sabadtime…意为“不适合……”。如:Itwasabadtimetotravel.此时不适合旅行。todosth.It’sabadtime可接forsth.fordoingsth.如果要表达“适合……”,则可以把形容词“bad”换成“good”。我们可将上句转换成:totravel.Itwasagoodtimefortraveling.D.交际OK,Ithink.表示主观对某事的评价。如:—Howwastoday’strip?今天的旅行怎么样?—OK.Ithink.还可以吧,我想。E.语法1.带有疑问词的动词不定式作宾语是本课的语法重点。如:IthoughtIknewhowtogetaroundbymyself.句中“howtogetaround”作及物动词know的宾语。如:whattodowiththecar.(短语to/dowithsth.应与疑问词what相搭配)Idon’tknowwheretofindthekeytothebike.howtousethecamera?Canyoutellmehowtokeepabird?whentostart?注意这类结构与宾语从句的关系。只有当主句与从句的主语一致,或从句的主语与主句的宾语一致时,宾语从句才能改写为“动词(词组)+带疑问词的不定式”结构。如:Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.=Idon’tknowwhattodo.CanyoutellmehowIcangetthere?=Canyoutellmehowtogetthere?Hecan’tdecidewhichbookheshouldchoose.=Hecan’tdecidewhichbooktochoose.2.反复代词的构成及用法(1)反身代词的构成:第一、二人称的反身代词由其形容词性物主代词加上-self或-selves构成;第三人称的反身代词由其人称代词宾格加上-self或-selves构成;所有反身代词的重音均在-self或-selves这个音节上。(2)反身代词的用法:①作宾语Mybrotheristooyoungtolookafterhimself.我弟弟太小了,照顾不了自己。Takegoodcareofyourself.请多保重。②作表语Thatpoorboywasmyself.那个可怜的男孩就是我自己。Youarehardlyyourselftoday.你今天与往常不太一样。③作主语或宾语的同位语。其位置可以在名词、代词之后,也可以置于句末。如:Ifixedthewindowmyself.这窗户是我自己装的。Weourselvesdidthework.我们自己做这件事。We’dbetterasktheheadmasterhimselfaboutit.④用于固定短语Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish.请随便吃点鱼。Weenjoyedourselvesattheparty.=Wehadagoodtimeattheparty.晚会上我们玩得很开心。Hedidtheexercisebyhimself.他自己独立完成练习。注意:byoneself=alone独自地(3)初中阶段,我们学过如下一些反身代词人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves