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Chapter3MakingCorrectandEffectiveSentence•Part1.CorrectSentence•Allkindsofwritingaremadeupofsentence.Soitisnecessaryforustolearnhowtowritecorrectandgoodsentence.Thereareatleasttheserequirements:•1)Itshouldbestructurallycomplete.•2)Itshouldbeginwithacapitalletter.•3)Itshouldendwithafullstop,oraquestionmark,oranexclamationmark.•4)Itshouldexpressasinglecompleteidea.•1.CompletenessinStructure•Therequirementsofcompletenessinstructureareasfollow:•1)Eachsentencehasasubjectandapredicateword.•2)Andalsobeginswithacapitalletterandendswithafullstop.•Forexample:•Shecame.•Johnisagoodcarpenter.•Thestudentusethesedictionarieseveryday.•Hedidn’tknowwhathadhappenedandwasgoingtoaskMr.Smith,whowasusuallywellinformed.•Andhereareafewincorrectsentences:•Howtooperatethiscomputer?•Havelostmykey.•Becausehehadn’tfinishedhisassignment,sohecontinuedworkingintheclassroom.•Theoldmanreturninghomeaftereightyears’absencetofindthatalltheneighborshehadknownwerenolongerthere.•Howdouoperatethiscomputer?•Ihavelostmykey.•Hehadn’tfinishedhisassignment,sohecontinuedworkingintheclassroom.•Hecontinuedworkingintheclassroom,becausehehadn’tfinishedhisassignment.•Theoldmanreturnedhomeaftereightyears’absencetofindthatalltheneighborshehadknownwerenolongerthere.•2.Therightsubject•Takealookatafewwrongsentenceshere:•Onenteringtheclassroom,thestudentsstoodupandsaid,“GoodMorning”.•Afterfinishinghercomposition,thetranslationexercisewastakenup.•Hurryingtotheconferenceroom,noonewasthere.•Returninghomeafterwork,supperwaswaitingforhiminthekitchen.•Tolookatamap,theimportanceofthisnewrailwaywillbeseen.•Inthesefivesentencesthesubjectsarenotproperlyrelatedtogerund,participles,orinfinitiveinthefirstpartsofthesentences.Sotheyarethewrongsubjects.•Onenteringtheclassroom,theteacherwasgreetedbythestudents,whostoodupandsaid,“GoodMorning”.•Afterfinishinghercomposition,shetookupthetranslationexercise.•Hurryingtotheconferenceroom,shesawnobodywasthere.•Returninghomeafterwork,hesawsupperwaswaitingforhiminthekitchen.•Youhaveonlytolookatamaptoseetheimportanceofthisnewrailway.•Allthesesentencesshowthatthesubjectofasentenceshouldbeproperlyrelatedtothenonfiniteverbsbeforeit.•3.AgreementBetweentheSubjectandthePredicateVerb•Weallknowthesimplerulethatthepredicateverbofasentencehastoagreewiththesubjectinpersonandnumber,suchasathird-personsingularsubjecttakesapredicateverbwith–siftheverbisinthepresenttense.Theremaybeproblemswhenthenumberofthesubjectisnoteasytodetermine.•Firstofall,let’stakealookat“collectivenouns”•集合名词（英语：Collectivenoun）是语言学上的一个专有名词，意指一种可用来指称一群对象的字，而这些对象，可以是人、动物、或是一群概念等事物•集合名词分为以下几类，并分别简述其有关用法特点：•第一类•形式为单数，但意义可以用为单数或复数这类集合名词包括family(家庭)team(队)class(班)audience(听众)等，其用法特点为：若视为整体，表示单数意义；若考虑其个体成员，表示复数意义。比较,Hisfamilyislarge.他的家是个大家庭。Hisfamilyareallwaitingforhim.他的一家人都在等他。Thisclassconsistsof45pupils.这个班由45个学生组成。ThisclassarereadingEnglishnow.这个班的学生在读英语。•第二类•形式为单数，但意义永远为复数这类集合名词包括cattle(牛，牲畜)people(人)police(警察)等，其用法特点为：只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义，用作主语时谓语用复数；不与a(an)连用，但可与the连用。如：Peoplewilllaughatyou.Thepolicearelookingforhi...