2013ASHRAEHANDBOOKFUNDAMENTALSSIEditionASHRAE,1791TullieCircle,N.E.,Atlanta,GA30329www.ashrae.org©2013ASHRAE.Allrightsreserved.DEDICATEDTOTHEADVANCEMENTOFTHEPROFESSIONANDITSALLIEDINDUSTRIESNopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedwithoutpermissioninwritingfromASHRAE,exceptbyareviewerwhomayquotebriefpassagesorreproduceillustrationsinareviewwithappropriatecredit;normayanypartofthisbookbereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanywayorbyanymeans—electronic,photocopying,recording,orother—withoutpermissioninwritingfromASHRAE.Requestsforpermissionshouldbesubmittedatwww.ashrae.org/permissions.VolunteermembersofASHRAETechnicalCommitteesandotherscompiledtheinformationinthishandbook,anditisgenerallyreviewedandupdatedeveryfouryears.Comments,criticisms,andsuggestionsregardingthesubjectmatterareinvited.AnyerrorsoromissionsinthedatashouldbebroughttotheattentionoftheEditor.AdditionsandcorrectionstoHandbookvolumesinprintwillbepublishedintheHandbookpublishedtheyearfollowingtheirverificationand,assoonasverified,ontheASHRAEInternetWebsite.DISCLAIMERASHRAEhascompiledthispublicationwithcare,butASHRAEhasnotinvestigated,andASHRAEexpresslydisclaimsanydutytoinvestigate,anyproduct,service,process,procedure,design,orthelikethatmaybedescribedherein.Theappearanceofanytechnicaldataoreditorialmaterialinthispublicationdoesnotconstituteendorsement,warranty,orguarantybyASHRAEofanyproduct,service,process,procedure,design,orthelike.ASHRAEdoesnotwarrantthattheinformationinthispublicationisfreeoferrors.Theentireriskoftheuseofanyinformationinthispublicationisassumedbytheuser.ISBN978-1-936504-46-6ISSN1523-7230Thepaperforthisbookisbothacid-andelemental-chlorine-freeandwasmanufacturedwithpulpobtainedfromsourcesusingsustainableforestrypractices.©2013ASHRAE.Allrightsreserved.DEDICATEDTOTHEADVANCEMENTOFTHEPROFESSIONANDITSALLIEDINDUSTRIESNopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedwithoutpermissioninwritingfromASHRAE,exceptbyareviewerwhomayquotebriefpassagesorreproduceillustrationsinareviewwithappropriatecredit;normayanypartofthisbookbereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanywayorbyanymeans—electronic,photocopying,recording,orother—withoutpermissioninwritingfromASHRAE.Requestsforpermissionshouldbesubmittedatwww.ashrae.org/permissions.VolunteermembersofASHRAETechnicalCommitteesandotherscompiledtheinformationinthishandbook,anditisgenerallyreviewedandupdatedeveryfouryears.Comments,criticisms,andsuggestionsregardingthesubjectmatterareinvited.AnyerrorsoromissionsinthedatashouldbebroughttotheattentionoftheEditor.AdditionsandcorrectionstoHandbookvolumesinprintwillbepublishedintheHandbookpublishedtheyearfollowingtheirverificationand,assoonasverified,ontheASHRAEInternetWebsite.DISCLAIMERASHRAEhascompiledthispublicationwithcare,butASHRAEhasnotinvestigated,andASHRAEexpresslydisclaimsanydutytoinvestigate,anyproduct,service,process,procedure,design,orthelikethatmaybedescribedherein.Theappearanceofanytechnicaldataoreditorialmaterialinthispublicationdoesnotconstituteendorsement,warranty,orguarantybyASHRAEofanyproduct,service,process,procedure,design,orthelike.ASHRAEdoesnotwarrantthattheinformationinthispublicationisfreeoferrors.Theentireriskoftheuseofanyinformationinthispublicationisassumedbytheuser.ISBN978-1-936504-46-6ISSN1523-7230Thepaperforthisbookisbothacid-andelemental-chlorine-freeandw...