期末专题2——非谓语动词在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）。1）不定式时态\语态主动被动一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone2）动名词时态\语态主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone3）分词时态\语态主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定形式：not+不定式，not+动名词，not+现在分词一、不定式（一）不定式的常考形式1.一般形式：Hedecidedtoworkharderinordertocatchupwiththeothers.被动形式：Hepreferredtobeassignedsomeheavierworktodo.语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生2.完成形式：Hepretendednottohaveseenme.被动形式：Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前（二）不定式常考的考点1.不定式做定语----将要发生2.不定式做状语----目的3.不定式充当名词功能---Toseeistobelieve.（三）不定式的省略1.感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel+do表示动作的完整性，真实性+doing表示动作的连续性，进行性Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。（强调“我看见了”这个事实）Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调“我见他正干活”这个动作）感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：Thecaketastesgood;Itfeelscomfortable.（2）helphelpsbdohelpsbtodohelpdohelptodo（四）有些动词后只跟不定式如want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect,allowsbtodo,causesbtodo,permitsbtodo,enablesbtodo,lovetodo,warnsbtodo,beabletodobegintodo,starttodo（五）有的时候to后面要接-ing形式lookforwardto;beusedto;bealternativeto;besimilarity/similarto.二.动名词：具有动作性特征的名词1）是名词seeingisbelieving2）具有动词性特征可以带宾语readingbooksisnecessary（一）动名词的形式一般形式：Idon'tlikeyousmoking.完成形式：Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.被动形式：Thisquestionisfarfrombeingsettled.（二）动名词常考的点1.动名词做主语，谓语动词为单数2.在动名词和不定式中，做为介词的宾语是动名词3.动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语。Iwouldappreciate_______backthisafternoon．A.youtocallB.youcallC.youcallingD.you'recalling（Key：Cyourcalling也对）Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.4.有些词后只能接动名词admit;appreciate;avoid;celebrate;consider;contemplate;delay;discontinue;dislike;enjoy;escape;excuse;explain;feellike;finish;forgive;can'thelp;imagine;keep;itmeans;mention;mind;miss;pardon;practice;prevent;report;suggest;understand...另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：it'snogood;it'sno/little/hardlyany/use;it'snot/hardly/scarcelyuse;it'sworthwhile;spendmoney/time;there'sno;there'snothingworsethan;what'stheuse/point...5.有些词后加不定式和动名词均可remember,forget,try,stop,goon,mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。Irememberedtoposttheletters.（指未来/过去未来的动作）Irememberedposting/havingpostingtheletters.（我记得这个动作）forgot与remember的用法类似。Iregrettoinformyouthat…我很遗憾地通知你…Iregrettedhavingleftthefirmaftertwentyyears.为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾......tryto努力Youreallymusttrytoovercomeyourshyness.try–ing试验Trypracticingfivehoursaday.Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.[打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。Toraisewagemeansincreasingpurchasingpower.[意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。prefer的用法：我宁愿在这里等。Iprefertowaithere.（所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。）Ipreferwaitinghere.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。）I...
