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Unit12.TranslatethefollowingintoChinesematerialsscience材料科学StoneAge石器时代nakedeye肉眼opticalproperty光学性能mechanicalstrength机械强度Bronzeage青铜时代integratedcircuit集成电路thermalconductivity导热系数?“Materialsscience"involvesinvestigatingtherelationshipsthatexistbetweenthestructuresandpropertiesofmaterials.Incontrast,“Materialsengineering”is,onthebasisofthesestructure-propertycorrelations,designingorengineeringthestructureofamaterialtoproduceapredeterminedsetofproperties.“材料科学”涉及到材料的结构和性能之间的关系研究。相比之下，“材料工程”是在这些结构性能的相关的基础上，设计材料的结构以生产预定的一组属性。?“Virtually”allimportantpropertiesofsolidmaterialsmaybegroupedintosixdifferentcategories:mechanical,electrical,thermal,magnetic,optical.anddeteriorative.“事实上”固体材料的所有重要特性可分为六个不同的类别：机械，电，热，磁，光和变质。?Inadditiontostructureandproperties,twootherimportantcomponentsareinvolvedinthescienceandengineeringofmaterials.namely"processing"and"performance".除结构与特征外，材料科学和工程还包括另外两项重要的研究内容，即（材料的）加工与性能。?Themorefamiliaranengineerorscientistiswiththevariouscharacteristicsandstructure-propertyrelationships,aswellasprocessingtechniquesofmaterials,themoreproficientandconfidentheorshewillbetomakejudiciousmaterialschoicesbasedonthesecriteria.工程师与科学家越熟悉材料的结构-性质之间的各种相互关系以及材料的加工技术，根据这些原则，他或她对材料的明智选择将越来越熟练和精确。?Ononlyrareoccasiondoesamaterialpossessthemaximumoridealcombinationofproperties.Thus,itmaybenecessarytotradeoffonecharacteristicforanother.只有在极少数情况下材料在具有最优或理想的综合性质。因此，有必要对材料的性质进行权衡。3.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish交又学科interdisciplinarystudy介电常数dielectricconstant固体材料solidmaterials热容heatcapacity力学性质mechanicalproperty电磁辐射electromagnetismradiation材料加工materialsprocessing弹性系数(模数)elasticmodulus?直到最近，科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。Itwasnountilrelativelyrecenttimesthatscientistscametounderstandtherelationshipsbetweenthestructuralelementsofmaterialsandtheirproperties.?材料工程学主要解决材料的制造问题和材料的应用问题。Materialsengineeringistosolvetheproblemduringthemanufacturingandapplicationofmaterials.?材料的加工过程不但决定了材料的结构，同时决定了材料的特征和性能.Materialsprocessingprocessdeterminesnotonlytheirstructurebutalsotheircharacteristicandperformance.?材料的力学性能与其所受外力或负荷而导致的变形有关。Materialmechanicalpropertiesisrelativewithitsdeformationcomingfromoutsideforceorload.Unit22.TranslatethefollowingintoChinesecompositematerials复合材料nonlocalizedelectrons游离电子advancedmaterials先进材料stiffnesses刚性semiconductor半导体biomaterials生物材料smartmaterials智能材料nanoengineeredmaterials纳米工程材料?Metalsareextremelygoodconductorsofelectricityandheat,andarenottransparentvisiblelight;apolishedmetalsurfacehasalustrousappearance.金属导电、导热能力特别强，对可见光不透明;一个抛光的金属表面具有光泽。?Ceramics,aretypicallyinsulativetothepassageofheatandelectricity,andaremoreresistanttohightemperaturesandharshenvironmentsthanmetalsandpolymers.陶瓷是典型的绝热、绝缘体，在对高温和苛刻环境的抵抗力方面优于金属和高聚物。?Materialsthatareutilizedinhigh-technology(orhigh-tech)applicationsaresometimestermedadvancedmaterials.应用于高技术领域...