主谓一致周容发布时间:2010-8-610:10:19英语中主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。这种一致关系一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则、概念(意义)一致原则、毗邻一致原则。在用英语表达时,必须注意主谓一致,否则就容易出错。本文以三条原则为基础对英语主谓一致进行论述。1、语法上一致(grammatialconcord)。主要指动词和主语在数和人称上的一致。传统语法规则大多符合这个原则。1〉主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。例如:Thisgirliscleverenoughtostudymathswell.Themasseshavefullconfidenceinthetheirleaders2〉、一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具,作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式,如glasses(眼镜),clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses(圆规),shopsticks,scissors,scales(天平),spectacles(眼镜),gloves,stochings,pants等。例如:Histrousershavewornout.Myglassesarenew.但如果主语由“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名词”构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如:Apairofshoeswasinthebox.“pair,piece+of+名词或物主代词”作主语时,谓语动词与pair和piece等词保持一致,与of之后的名词或代词无关。例如:Thepiecesofstonewerethencarriedtothenewplaceforthetemple,60metreshigherupthehill.Theywatchedpairsofpeoplewhoweresittingincollegecoffee—shopsforatleastanhour.3〉、如果主语被morethanone⋯.或manya⋯.修饰时,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。这符合语法一致原则。例如:Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm.Manyashiphasbeendamagedinthestorm.但是,“more+复数名词+thanone”结构之后,谓语动词一般多用复数形式。例如:Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.4〉、each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个并列主语,谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如:Eachboyandeachgirlwantstoservethepeople.Noteacherandnostudentisexcusedfromtakingpartinsuchastormydiscussion.Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoeducation.5〉、由and或both⋯and连结的主语有复数意义时,用复数动词。这是遵循语法上一致原则的。例如:Ahammerandasawaretobeused.BothmysisterandmycousinstudyinShanghai.Plasticsandrubberneverrot.Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.但是,并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词没有冠词。例如:Thedirectorandchiefengineerisanexperiencedperson.Aknifeandforkisonthetable.Thegirl’steacherandfriendisayoungdoctor.Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.Toloveandtobelovedisthegreathappiness.6〉、thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书)其谓语用单数;短语thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口语)(这一类人),但thiskindofmen作主语,谓语用单数,menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的谓语用复数。allkindsof后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。例如:Thiskindofmenisdangerous.Menofthiskindaredangerous.Thiskindofmanannoysme.Therearethreekindsofcomputer.Somenewtypesofbusareonshow.7〉、不定代词each,either,neither,none,all,one,theother,anyone,anything,someone,some,more⋯等作主语,因其有单数意义,谓语动词可用单数,以符合语法上一致原则。但在某特定情况下,不定代词也有复数概念,这时一般用复数动词。这样,语言流畅自然而且也符合概念上一致和紧邻一致原则。例如:Eachtakesacupofcoffee.Nobodyislistening.Nowallhasbeenchanged.Allarepresent.IinvitedbothPeterandJohn,butneitherhavecome.Iwonderifeitherarecoming.Thespeechwastedious.Nobody,noteventheteacher,werelistening.但Either,none,any,和neither后面如果有“of+复数名词或代词”,动词可以用复数,也可以用单数;在正式文体中,单数形式更常用。例如:Do(es)anyofyouknowhisaddress.Noneofthemhas(have)seenthefilm.Weareexpectingguestsfromthecountry,butnoneofthemhasarriv...