专题08阅读理解（人物或故事类、科普或环境保护类或健康类、社会现象或历史文化教育类）1.【2018年山东省青岛市】Somescientistssaythatanimalsintheoceanareincreasinglythreatened(威胁)bynoisepollutioncausedbyhumanbeings.Thenoisethatinfluencesseaanimalscomesfromanumberofhumanactivities.Itiscausedmainlybyindustrialunderwaterexplosions(爆炸),oceandrilling,andshipengines.Suchnoisesareaddedtonaturalsounds.Thesesoundsincludethebreakingoficefields,underwaterearthquakes,andsoundsmadebyanimalsthemselves.Decibels(分贝)measuredinwateraredifferentfromthosemeasuredonland.Anoiseofonehundredandtwentydecibelsonlandcausespaintohumanears.Inwater,adecibellevelofonehundredandninetyfivewouldhavethesameeffect（效果）.Somescientistshaveproposedsettinganoiselimit（限度）ofonehundredandtwentydecibelsinoceans.Theyhaveobservedthatnoisesatthatlevelcanfrightenandconfusewhales（鲸鱼）.AteamofAmericanandCanadianscientistsdiscoveredthatloudernoisescanseriouslyinjuresomeanimals.Theresearchteamfoundthatpowerfulunderwaterexplosionswerecausingwhalesintheareatolosetheirhearing.Thisseriouslyaffectedthewhales'abilitytoexchangeinformationandfindtheirway.Someofthewhalesevendied.Theexplosionshadcausedtheirearstobleed.Manyresearcherswhoseworkdependsonoceansoundsobjecttoalimitofonehundredandtwentydecibels.Theysaysuchalimitwouldmeananendtoimportantindustrialandscientificresearch.Scientistsdonotknowhowmuchandwhatkindsofnoisesareharmfultooceananimals.However,manyscientistssuspectthatnoiseisagreaterdangerthantheybelieved.It’stimeforthemtotakeactiontohelpoceananimals.22.Whichofthefollowingisnotcausedbyhumanbeings?A.Thenoiseofindustrialunderwaterexplosions.B.Thenoiseofoceandrilling.C.ThesoundofunderwaterearthquakesD.Thenoiseofshipengines.23.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellus?A.Thesamenoisemeasuresdifferentlyonlandandintheocean.B.Differentplacesmayhavedifferenttypesofnoises.C.Thenoisescancausehumanstolosehearing.D.Therearedifferentkindsofnaturalsoundsintheocean.24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Powerfulunderwaterexplosionsaren’tharmfultowhales’ears.B.Manyresearchersareagainstthenoiselimitof120decibels.C.Noisescannotcausewhales’death.D.Thenoiselimitof120decibelswouldhardlyinfluencetheindustrialresearch.25.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninferthatscientistswillprobably.A.workhardtocutdownnaturalsounds.B.stopindustrialandscientificresearchinoceans.C.trytheirbesttomakenonoise.D.protectoceananimalsfromharmfulnoises.【答案】22.C23.A24.B25.D23.根据Decibels(分贝)measuredinwateraredifferentfromthosemeasuredonland.和后文可知主要讲水下分贝测量和陆地不一样；故选A25.根据文章讲述了噪音污染对海洋生物的伤害，科学家研究怎么保护海洋生物不受伤害。故选D2.【2018年安徽省中考】Wouldyouliketoliveinacitywherebuildingsturnthelightsoffforyou,andself-drivingcarswillfindthenearestparkingspacethemselves?Althoughitmightsoundalttlefarfromyou,livingina"smart"citylikethiscouldhappensoonerthanyouthink.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceintownsthatwehavelivedinforcenturies,whilecompletelynewcitiesarebeingbuilt.OnesuchplaceisthecityofSongdo.Everyhometherewillhavea"telepresencesystem(远程遥控系统)--allowinguserstocontroltheheatingandlocks,takepartinvideomeetings,andreceiveeducation,healthcareandgovernmentservices.Aroundthecity,escalators(自动扶梯)willonlymovewhensomeoneisonthem,andofficesandschoolswillallbeconnectedtothesystem.ThegreatmindbehindSongdoisfromthecompa...
