Discoveringusefulwords＆expressionsLearningaboutlanguage•Lookatthedefinitionsandfindthewordsinthetext.Thenwritedownhowtheyhavebeen1tojumpintothewaterheadfirstagracefuljumpintothewaterheadfirst2toseesomethinghappensomeonewhoseesacrimeoranaccidentdivewitness3ashorttimewhensomeonestopsspeakingtostopdoingsomethingforshorttime4astrongwishtostronglysuggestsomeonedosomethingpauseurge5somethingthatslowsyoudowntopullsomethingalonebehindyoudrag•Readthesesentences.Thenreplacethewordsinitalicswithwordsthatmeanthesamefromtheunit.1Somepersonalstoriesaboutmarktwainareveryamusing.2Workingtogetherisnecessarytoproducegoodresults.3MoreandmorepeopleareanecdotesTeamworkconservation4Sitfacingthestreetandwatchtheparadegoby.5Whenyouhitaniceberg,leavetheshipimmediately.oppositeabandon•Usethesewordsintheirproperformstocompletethepassage.•depth•dive•yell•annual•shark•accommodation深度，深处跳水，潜水大叫，呼喊每年的鲨鱼住所，住宿•witness•relationship•shore当场见到，目击关系，血缘关系逃避，逃跑岸，海滨Keys:1)annual2)accommodation3)shore4)relationship5)dive6)depths7)sharks8)witnessed9)flee10)yellGrammar动词-ing形式的被动式动词-ing形式的被动式,其构成为“being+动词的过去分词”,可在句中作主语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语和状语,但不能单独作谓语,其完成形式为havingbeendone,多在句中作状语。如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语为所表示的动作的承受者，动词-ing形式要用被动语态，动词-ing形式的被动语态有一般式与完成式之分。1)一般式:Beingbadlywounded,thewhalesoondied.Georgedidn’tlikebeingkeptwaiting.Iamnotinterestedinthetopicbeingdiscussed.Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbytheteacher.他害怕被老师责骂。此外,动词-ing形式的被动式还可以在句中作宾补。如：You’llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。Heoftenwatchedtheboatsbeingunloaded.他常常看轮船卸货。Asweapproachedthevillagewesawnewhousesbeingbuilt.走近村子时我们看到正在盖新房。而且在want,need,deserve,require等动词后,尽管表示的是被动含义,我们却用动词-ing形式，也可以用不定式的被动形式来替换。如：Theblackboardneedscleaning.=Theblackboardneedstobecleaned.黑板需要擦干净。Thebrokenwindowwantsrepairing.=Thebrokenwindowwantstoberepaired.那个破窗户需要修理。在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样:Hermethodisworthtrying.她的方法值得试一下。2)完成式表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。Hepridedhimselfonhavingneverbeenbeateninclass.【拓展延伸】在表示一个被动动作时，如果这个动作是现在正在进行的，或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生的，我们可以用现在分词的被动。(1)作定语Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.正在翻修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。Heaskedwhowasthemanbeingoperatedon.他问这时动手术的人是谁。(2)作宾补You’llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。Heoftenwatchedtheboatbeingunloaded.他常常看轮船卸货。(3)作状语Beingaskedtogiveaperformance,shecouldn’tverywellrefuse.有人请她表演一个节目，她不好拒绝。Beingprotectedbyathickwall,theyfelttheywerequitesafe.有一堵厚墙掩护着，他们感到很安全。有时还有完成被动形式：Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldsheletitslipaway?人家给了她这样一个好机会，她怎么能轻易放过？Thedecisionhavingbeenmade,thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.决议既已做出,下个问题就是如何制定一个好的规划了。动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分?1.Sobeingkilledbysharkswasacommonoccurrence.2.Hedidn’tmindbeingleftathome.3.Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.4.Beingprotectedbyathickwall,theyfelttheywerequitesafe.5.Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldsheletitslipaway?作主语作宾语作定语作状语作状语
